Septic in Tremonton, UT
Last updated: Mar 21, 2026
Tremonton is a place where farm fields meet family homes, and that mix is part of what makes our wastewater needs here different from big-city systems. If you've spent time driving around town, you've likely seen homes with yards and tanks rather than rows of municipal sewer lines. That's a big part of why septic plays such a central role for many Tremonton households.
Is septic common in Tremonton? Should I expect septic if I own or buy a home?
Yes. Septic systems are common in Tremonton, especially in rural and semi-rural areas where centralized sewer service isn't available or isn't practical to extend. If you own or buy a home here, you should generally expect a septic system unless you're in a neighborhood connected to a municipal sewer. Even in areas with sewer nearby, some properties may still rely on on-site systems due to lot size, costs, or older development patterns. A quick check with the seller or your real estate agent will confirm whether a septic system is present and when it was last serviced.
Why homes typically use septic systems in Tremonton
- Rural layout and infrastructure: Tremonton's growth has historically spread homes apart, making full municipal sewer expansion expensive and slow. On-site systems have been the practical, economical choice for single-family homes.
- Cost and practicality: Installing and maintaining a septic system is often more affordable for individual lots than laying new sewer mains across farmland and hilly terrain.
- Local soil and drainage realities: Properly designed and sited septic systems work with Tremonton's soils and groundwater when installed by a qualified professional, and with routine maintenance they can be reliable for many years.
- Ownership and responsibility: In areas without city sewer, wastewater management is managed at the home level, so homeowners become stewards of the system through regular inspections and pump-outs.
High-level explanation (why septic exists here)
The combination of dispersed development, land availability, and the long-term costs of extending sewer lines led Tremonton to rely on on-site wastewater treatment for most homes. A well-installed septic system, paired with regular upkeep, aligns with how we live and build here—protecting our water, keeping yards usable, and letting families stay in their homes without the ongoing need for large wastewater mains.
Tips for starting out
- If you're buying, confirm the system's age, tank size, and last pump date, and whether a leach field shows any signs of trouble.
- Expect pumping every 3–5 years on typical family use; more often with heavy use or smaller tanks.
- Maintenance basics: keep heavy vehicles off the tank area, conserve water, and use approved products that won't disrupt the septic ecology.
Think of this as advice from a neighbor who's been in your shoes and who also helps keep Tremonton's septic systems running smoothly. If you're wondering what a specific home needs or how to plan your next checkup, you're not alone—and I'm here to help.
Where Septic Systems Are Common in Tremonton
Areas where septic systems are most common
- Rural residential parcels outside Tremonton's sewer service area. Many homes on the outskirts rely on individual tanks and drainfields rather to connect to a city line.
- Older neighborhoods and subdivisions that were built before municipal sewer expansion reached them. In these blocks, septic remains the practical option.
- Hillside or irregularly shaped lots where extending a gravity sewer is technically challenging or cost-prohibitive.
Why these patterns exist in Tremonton
- Distance from centralized sewer: Tremonton's wider geography means some neighborhoods aren't integrated into a city-wide sewer system yet, making septic the default choice.
- Lot size and configuration: Many Tremonton lots are larger than typical urban parcels, providing room for a septic tank, a distribution box, and a drainfield with adequate setbacks.
- Agricultural and rural land use: The area has long been farmed and ranch-occupied, with dispersed single-family homes where on-site systems are common and practical.
Common septic system types you'll see here
- Conventional gravity systems: The standard setup for well-drained soils, with a tank that treats waste and a drainfield that disperses effluent into the soil.
- Pressure distribution systems: Used on tighter lots or soils with variable infiltration, helping to evenly distribute effluent across the drainfield.
- Mound systems: Installed when soils are shallow or poorly suited for a conventional drainfield; these use an elevatedless-than-ideal soil profile to achieve proper drainage.
- Alternative or enhanced treatment systems: Employed in challenging site conditions, including high water tables or restrictive soils, to meet local performance requirements.
Site and soil factors shaping septic choices
- Soil percolation and drainage: Tremonton soils vary; well-drained loams support standard drainfields, while clayier or compacted soils may require mound or alternative designs.
- Groundwater and bedrock depth: Proximity to shallow water tables or bedrock influences drainfield depth and system type, with design adjustments to protect wells and waterways.
- Slope and lot layout: Steeper lots or irregular shapes can affect gravity drainage, prompting the use of pressure distribution or raised systems.
Regulatory framework and practical guidance
- Permitting and inspection are typically handled through Utah's Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems program, overseen by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).
- Local health departments (Box Elder County) regulate siting, permitting, and maintenance requirements for septic systems. See Box Elder County Health Department for Environmental Health guidance.
- For authoritative, nationwide context on septic systems, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provides overview and maintenance guidance. https://www.epa.gov/septic
Quick reference considerations for Tremonton homeowners
- Have a septic permit and system plan reviewed before installation or modification.
- Schedule regular maintenance and pumping per your local guidelines to prevent costly failures.
- Ensure safe setbacks from wells, streams, and property lines, and protect the drainage field from compaction and heavy traffic.
- If you're buying an older home, request the system's service history and any inspection reports.
Resources are aligned with state and county guidance to help homeowners understand why Tremonton has many septic systems and how those systems fit the local landscape.
Septic vs Sewer: What Homeowners in Tremonton Should Know
How septic systems work in Tremonton
A typical Tremonton home that isn't on municipal sewer relies on a septic system. It's a two-part setup: a septic tank that settles solids, and a drain field where liquid effluent percolates through soil for natural treatment. Regular maintenance keeps it running smoothly.
- Septic tank: collects solids; solids should be pumped out by a licensed contractor every 3–5 years (usage and household size affect timing).
- Drain field: distributes liquid into soil where natural bacteria treat it; avoid heavy compaction and planting trees or shrubs with invasive roots over the field.
- System health: problems often show up as odors, gurgling drains, toilets not flushing well, or damp spots over the drain field.
When a sewer connection is an option in Tremonton
Some neighborhoods in Tremonton are served by municipal sewer. To confirm whether you can connect, contact Tremonton City Utilities/Public Works and check Box Elder County planning resources or official maps. If a sewer line is available, you'll likely face upfront connection costs plus a monthly sewer bill, and you'll need to abandon the septic system per local code.
- How to check: call Tremonton City Utilities or the local public works office; request a sewer availability letter or check the city's online utility maps.
- Costs to expect: one-time connection fees, potential trenching costs, and ongoing monthly sewer charges.
- Timing: sewer projects are planned on city schedules; if you must connect, the utility will guide the deadline and requirements.
Pros and cons of septic vs sewer for Tremonton homeowners
Weighing costs, maintenance, and risk helps clarify the choice.
- Septic system pros
- Typically lower monthly costs if you stay off sewer.
- Greater independence from city wastewater operations.
- Septic system cons
- Requires regular pumping and careful water use; drain-field failure is costly.
- Maintenance responsibility rests on the homeowner.
- Municipal sewer pros
- No septic pumping or drain-field monitoring; predictable monthly bills.
- Fewer on-site odors and environmental concerns if the system is well managed.
- Municipal sewer cons
- Ongoing sewer charges can rise over time.
- If the sewer system has problems or clogs, your service may be disrupted.
Quick steps to decide
- Confirm sewer availability for your address with Tremonton City Utilities/Public Works and Box Elder County.
- Get a cost comparison: septic pumping and maintenance vs monthly sewer fees and connection costs.
- Evaluate your lot and drain-field condition: soil, slope, trees, and space to support a drain field.
- Consider your long-term plans: resale value, home improvement projects, and potential future regulation changes.
- Plan a financial and maintenance schedule: set reminders for pumping, inspections, and any required abandonment of septic if you connect to sewer.
Maintenance basics for whichever system you choose
- Septic users: keep a regular pumping schedule, conserve water, and only flush appropriate items; schedule annual or multi-year inspections with a licensed professional.
- Sewer users: monitor for wastewater backups, protect the main cleanout, and report any unusual odors or flows to the utility promptly.
- Common red flags to watch: persistent odors, wet spots or lush growth over the drain field, toilets that drain slowly, or sewage backup in lower levels.
Official resources you can consult
- EPA: Septic systems basics and maintenance guidance
- Tremonton City official site (utilities and service inquiries)
Typical Septic System Types in Tremonton
Conventional gravity septic systems
- What they are: A standard two-chamber arrangement with a septic tank and a gravity drainfield that relies on soil to absorb and treat effluent.
- Pros: Lowest upfront cost, simple parts, widely installed in residential lots with adequate soil depth and permeability.
- Cons: Needs sufficiently permeable soil and ample drainfield area; performance drops on compacted, shallow, or groundwater-proximate soils.
- Maintenance: Regular pump-outs (typically every 3–5 years) and careful water-use management to avoid overloading the system.
- When it's a good fit: Moderate-to-good soil conditions with an available, undisturbed drainfield area.
- Local guidance: For official rules and guidance, see Utah DEQ OWTS resources (and EPA overview (https://www.epa.gov/septic).
Chamber or bed drainfields
- What they are: Plastic or composite chamber systems that create a shallow, wide drainfield instead of traditional gravel trenches.
- Pros: Easier installation in tight spaces, often more forgiving on uneven terrain; can provide greater absorption in marginal soils.
- Cons: Still requires adequate soils and a setback from wells and structures; higher material cost than a conventional gravity layout.
- Maintenance: Same pumping schedule as conventional systems; annual inspection of distribution and cover integrity is wise.
- When it's a good fit: Limited yard width or variable soil conditions where trenches would be narrow or deep.
- Local guidance: See Utah DEQ OWTS resources for design considerations (https://deq.utah.gov/land-quality/onsite-wastewater-treatment-systems-owts).
Mound systems (raised drainfields)
- What they are: A raised drainfield built above the natural grade on imported fill when native soils are poor (too shallow, high clay content, or high water table).
- Pros: Makes useable drainfield space where conventional systems won't work; protects against perched water and seasonal flooding.
- Cons: Higher upfront cost; more complex installation and longer construction timelines; more maintenance checks.
- Maintenance: Regular inspections, monitor pump performance, and ensure vents and dosing components function properly.
- When it's a good fit: Shallow soils, seasonal high water, or unsuitable native soils common in some Tremonton pockets.
- Local guidance: For detailed requirements, refer to Utah DEQ OWTS resources (https://deq.utah.gov/land-quality/onsite-wastewater-treatment-systems-owts) and EPA (https://www.epa.gov/septic).
Pressure-dosed distribution systems
- What they are: A pumped, pressure-distribution network that delivers effluent evenly across a drainfield, useful when soils vary in permeability.
- Pros: Improves absorption uniformity and performance on uneven or restrictive soils.
- Cons: Requires a pump and more controls, so higher maintenance and operating costs.
- Maintenance: Regular pump checks, alarm testing, and pump-out interval planning with a licensed contractor.
- When it's a good fit: Sloped lots, restrictive soils, or variable-permeability zones where gravity alone wouldn't evenly distribute effluent.
- Local guidance: Check DEQ OWTS guidelines for design and operation (https://deq.utah.gov/land-quality/onsite-wastewater-treatment-systems-owts).
Sand filters and advanced treatment units
- What they are: Tertiary treatment components that polish septic effluent before it enters the drainfield; can be integrated with conventional or alternative systems.
- Pros: Improves effluent quality, can expand suitability in marginal soils, reduces nutrient impact on groundwater.
- Cons: Higher installation and maintenance costs; requires ongoing filter/media maintenance.
- Maintenance: Regular media replacement or cleaning as recommended by the manufacturer; annual system check.
- When it's a good fit: Areas with limited soil absorption capacity or stricter local water-quality expectations.
- Local guidance: Official guidance and design references are available through DEQ OWTS resources (https://deq.utah.gov/land-quality/onsite-wastewater-treatment-systems-owts) and EPA (https://www.epa.gov/septic).
Packaged treatment plants and other small advanced systems
- What they are: Ready-to-install wastewater treatment units for homes where conventional or mound options aren't feasible.
- Pros: Can meet stricter effluent standards; useful for remote sites or challenging soils.
- Cons: Higher purchase price, ongoing electricity use, and more complex maintenance.
- Maintenance: Regular service by a licensed operator; periodic effluent testing per local requirements.
- When it's a good fit: Very restricted soils, poor drainage, or when local rules require higher treatment levels.
- Local guidance: Refer to Utah DEQ OWTS resources for approved technologies and installation requirements (https://deq.utah.gov/land-quality/onsite-wastewater-treatment-systems-owts).
Steps to plan in Tremonton
- Get a site evaluation and soil test (perc test) from a qualified septic designer or local health department.
- Check local approvals and DEQ OWTS guidelines for Tremonton/Box Elder County.
- Compare system types based on soil, lot size, climate, upfront cost, and long-term maintenance.
- Develop a maintenance plan with a licensed septic contractor and schedule regular inspections.
- Official resources: Utah DEQ OWTS (https://deq.utah.gov/land-quality/onsite-wastewater-treatment-systems-owts) and EPA Septic Systems (https://www.epa.gov/septic).
Common Septic Issues in Tremonton
Freeze-thaw and cold-season challenges
- Tremonton winters bring hard freezes and rapid thaw cycles that can stress septic components near the surface and slow the movement of effluent through the drainfield.
- Signs to watch: unusually slow drains, gurgling sounds from pipes, persistent odors, or damp, lush patches in the yard during spring thaw.
- Practical steps:
- Avoid parking or storing heavy equipment on the drainfield, especially in winter and early spring.
- Keep access lids clear of snow and debris so professionals can inspect and pump if needed.
- Use water judiciously in cold months to prevent overwhelming a system with more liquid than the soil can absorb.
- Official resources:
Root intrusion and landscape
- Tree roots and aggressively landscaped beds can invade buried pipes and reduce drainfield efficiency. In Tremonton, yards with mature trees or improper plantings near the septic system are common culprits.
- Signs to watch: cracks around the tank or risers, sudden backups after heavy watering, or persistent wet spots that aren't seasonal.
- Prevention and fixes:
- Plant trees and shrubs away from the drainfield, and install root barriers when possible.
- Have a pro locate the drainfield and assess for root intrusion; repair may involve pipe replacement or rerouting of lines.
- Regular mowing and avoiding deep cultivation over the field helps protect the system.
- Official resources: https://deq.utah.gov/water-quality/onsite-wastewater-treatment-systems
Pumping, tank maintenance, and system components
- Neglecting pumping and inspections is a leading cause of failures. Most residential septics benefit from periodic pumping and a professional inspection every 3–5 years, depending on usage and tank size.
- Common issues: cracked lids, damaged baffles, effluent leaks, and a failing pump if your system has a lift station.
- Maintenance actions:
- Schedule regular pumping and an inspection of baffles, filters, and pumps.
- Keep chemicals, solvents, grease, and flushable wipes out of the system; these items disrupt beneficial bacteria and clog the drainfield.
- Use a garbage disposal sparingly, if at all, and consider recycling wastewater-heavy loads to reduce solids entering the tank.
- Official resources: https://www.epa.gov/septic, https://extension.usu.edu
Water use patterns and seasonal stress
- Lawn irrigation, especially in Tremonton's warm months, can dramatically increase wastewater load. If the system isn't sized for high irrigation flow or if you water during peak septic stress, drains can back up more easily.
- Practical steps:
- Stagger irrigation and heavy laundry/dishwasher use to avoid peak loads.
- Check for leaks (toilets, faucets, irrigation) and fix them promptly to minimize unnecessary volume.
- Consider an assessment of seasonal wastewater flow with a licensed pro to ensure the drainfield has capacity for peak times.
- Official resources: https://www.epa.gov/septic
Septic Inspection, Permits & Local Oversight
Who regulates septic systems in Tremonton, UT
In Tremonton, onsite wastewater systems are overseen by local health and building authorities. Outside city limits, the Box Elder County Health Department handles environmental health and septic permitting; inside Tremonton city limits, the Tremonton City public works/building departments may coordinate permitting and inspections. All work should be pre-approved and inspected to meet state and local rules.
Permits you need and who issues them
- Get a permit before installing, upgrading, repairing, or replacing a septic system.
- Permits are issued by the appropriate local authority:
- Box Elder County Health Department (Environmental Health) for countywide locations outside strict city control.
- Tremonton City (Public Works/Building Department) if you're within city limits.
- You'll typically need to submit:
- Site evaluation and soil/perc tests
- System design layout
- Property plat or lot plan showing setbacks to wells, streams, property lines
- Contractor or designer qualification, if required
- Fees apply. Expect permit review, design approval, and inspection charges.
What to expect in the permit process
- Contact the local authority to confirm required documents and how to apply.
- Schedule a site evaluation (soil and percolation testing) if needed.
- Submit system design plans prepared by a qualified designer or licensed installer.
- Receive permit approval or a list of required corrections.
- Schedule installation once the permit is issued.
Inspections & compliance checks
- Required inspection stages:
- Pre-installation/site evaluation review
- During trenching and installation (to verify correct components and placement)
- Backfill and connection checks
- Final inspection upon completion and before the system is put into operation
- Inspectors check:
- Compliance with setback distances (from wells, streams, property lines)
- Correct tank and leach field placement, risers, and access
- Proper installation of distribution lines, baffles, and filters
- Adequate soil conditions and grouting/cover material
- If adjustments are needed, you'll receive a correction notice with a re-inspection deadline.
What happens after installation
- You must obtain final approval before using the system.
- Keep copies of all permits, inspection reports, and design documents in your home records.
- For future property transactions, you may be asked to provide documentation of permits and final inspections.
- Utah Department of Environmental Quality – Onsite Wastewater Systems: guidance, rules, and state-wide standards
- Tremonton City – Building Permits & Inspections (local oversight in city limits)
- Utah Department of Health / Environmental Health – Onsite Wastewater (state-level overview)
Quick checklist
- [ ] Confirm you're applying with the correct local authority
- [ ] Gather site plan, perc tests, and design documents
- [ ] Hire a qualified installer/designer if required
- [ ] Schedule and pass all required inspections
- [ ] Retain all permits and inspection reports for your records
Septic Maintenance for Homes in Tremonton
Why Tremonton-specific concerns matter
Tremonton's cold winters, freeze–thaw cycles, and soil conditions influence how your septic system performs. Wet springs and snowmelt can saturate the drainfield, especially if your yard has poor drainage or clay soils. Many Tremonton homes rely on irrigation water for turf and landscaping, which adds seasonal fluctuations in water volume that stress the system. Keeping an eye on these local factors helps prevent backups and costly repairs. For official guidance on onsite wastewater systems in Utah, see the Utah DEQ's onsite wastewater program: https://deq.utah.gov/water-quality/onsite-wastewater.'>https://deq.utah.gov/water-quality/onsite-wastewater.
Maintenance schedule for Tremonton homes
- Annual professional inspection: Have a licensed septic contractor inspect the tank, baffles, effluent screen (if present), and access risers. Look for signs of leakage, settlement, or root intrusion.
- Pumping cadence: Typical systems in households with average water use are pumped every 3–5 years. In Tremonton, with large families, frequent irrigation, or high wastewater loading, consider 2–3 year pumping intervals.
- Drainfield check: Each spring or after heavy irrigation, check for surface dampness, strong odors, or lush, dark-green growth over the drainfield—these can indicate saturation and require assessment.
- Record-keeping: Maintain a simple log of pumping dates, inspections, repairs, and any odors or drainage issues to inform future service.
- Seasonal readiness: Before winter, ensure access lids are secure and clear of snow. After snowmelt, monitor for unusual damp spots or standing water in the yard.
Seasonal considerations in Tremonton
- Winter impacts: Frost depth can affect shallow components and soil absorption. Avoid parking vehicles or placing heavy loads over the drainfield during freezing periods.
- Spring groundwater rise: Snowmelt can raise groundwater around the drainfield. If you notice pooling or thick damp soil, limit irrigation and call a pro to assess soil saturation and possible replacement or relocation needs.
- Irrigation load: Slower soil absorption in spring and fall due to cooler soils means you may see longer drainfield recovery times after irrigation or heavy dishwashing/laundering. Stagger high-water days when possible.
Signs your Tremonton septic needs service
- Slow drains, gurgling sounds, or frequent backups in sinks and toilets
- Unpleasant sewer odors in the house or near the septic tank opening
- Bungled or soggy ground, lush vegetation, or damp patches over the drainfield
- Sewage backups into plumbing fixtures after heavy water use
- Alarms or warning indicators on a septic control system (if equipped)
Maintenance steps you can take
- Step 1: Schedule pumping when your last service date passes the recommended interval for your household.
- Step 2: Have your tank and baffles inspected for cracks or leaks; ensure effluent filters are clean or replaced as needed.
- Step 3: Monitor surface drainage around the drainfield; keep trees and shrubs away to prevent root intrusion.
- Step 4: Use water efficiently—distribute laundry and dishwasher loads, fix leaks, and install high-efficiency fixtures to reduce daily wastewater.
- Step 5: Ensure safe waste disposal practices: dispose of fats, oils, grease in the trash; avoid flushing wipes, diapers, solvents, paints, pesticides, or medications.
What to avoid to protect Tremonton systems
- Dumping grease or cooking oil down the drain
- Flushing wipes, feminine hygiene products, plastics, or non-biodegradable items
- Chemical drains cleaners, solvents, or large quantities of cleaners and bleaches
- Excessive non-biodegradable detergents or antibacterial products
- Planting deep-rooted trees or shrubs directly over the drainfield
Local resources and official references
Cost Expectations for Septic Services in Tremonton
Septic Tank Pumping
What it includes: removing accumulated solids, cleaning the tank, and inspecting the tank interior and baffles; often paired with a basic system check and filter inspection. Tremonton-specific notes: colder winters can affect scheduling and access to the site; regular pumping is key for a long-lasting system in soil and climate conditions typical to Box Elder County.
- What's included: pump-out, tank cleaning, sludge measurement, baffles inspection, effluent filter check if present.
- Typical Tremonton cost: roughly $300–$600 for a standard 1,000–1,500 gallon tank; larger tanks or difficult access can rise to $600–$900.
- Frequency guideline: every 2–4 years for typical households; more often with high uses or small tanks.
- Resources: Utah DEQ Onsite Wastewater Systems (official): EPA Septic Systems overview: ;'>https://deq.utah.gov/water-quality/onsite-wastewater-systems; EPA Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic
Soil Evaluation and System Design (For New or Replacements)
What it includes: site evaluation, soil tests or percolation tests, system design plan, and permitting coordination; Tremonton plots can vary from sandy soils to denser clay, impacting terracing or mound options.
New Septic System Installation
What it includes: site preparation, trenching or mound construction, tank installation, leach field or alternative treatment system, backfill, and system startup.
- What's included: permits, design, excavation, piping, tanks, field components, initial start-up checks.
- Typical Tremonton cost: conventional systems $8,000–$25,000; mound or advanced systems due to poorer soils or difficult terrain can reach $15,000–$40,000.
- Site-specific factors: frost depth, lot grading, well proximity, and access driveways can shift pricing.
- Resources: Utah DEQ Onsite Wastewater Systems: https://deq.utah.gov/water-quality/onsite-wastewater-systems;'>https://deq.utah.gov/water-quality/onsite-wastewater-systems; EPA Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic
Drain Field Repair or Replacement
What it includes: diagnosing failed absorption area, replacing failing trenches or beds, and reinstating proper soil absorption; Tremonton soils can have seasonal moisture variations that impact field longevity.
Tank Risers, Lids, and Accessibility Improvements
What it includes: adding risers for easier future pumping, upgrading lids/locks, and improving safety.
- What's included: materials and installation, vent checks, and safety upgrades.
- Typical Tremonton cost: $500–$1,800 depending on materials and tank depth.
- Benefits: easier maintenance and more accurate sludge depth measurements in future services.
- Resources: EPA Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic
Camera/Video Inspection of Lines
What it includes: internal video inspection of sewer lines from the house to the tank to locate cracks, breaks, or root intrusion.
Real Estate Transfer Inspections
What it includes: a focused assessment for buyers needing a snapshot of current system health before purchase.
Basic Septic System Repairs (Minor to Moderate)
What it includes: baffle replacements, pump checks, float switch adjustments, seal replacements, or line cleaning.
- What's included: parts and labor for non-major fixes; major repairs may move into replacement cost territory.
- Typical Tremonton cost: minor fixes $100–$1,500; more extensive repairs $2,000–$7,000+ depending on scope.
- Resources: EPA Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic
Note: All price ranges are approximate and depend on tank size, access, distance, permit requirements, and site-specific conditions. Always confirm scope of work and obtain multiple bids. For authoritative guidance on regulatory requirements and best practices, see: Utah DEQ Onsite Wastewater Systems: https://deq.utah.gov/water-quality/onsite-wastewater-systems and EPA Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic