Septic in Mercer County, KY

Last updated: Mar 21, 2026

In Mercer County, you'll notice that many homes sit on quiet country lanes or along the edge of Harrodsburg, with a practical system quietly doing its job in the yard. That's the Mercer County reality: centralized sewer isn't everywhere, and private septic systems have long been the sensible, affordable solution for home waste in this part of Kentucky.

Is septic common in Mercer County? Should I expect septic if I own or buy a home?

Yes. For many neighborhoods and rural properties, a septic system is the standard method for handling wastewater. If a home isn't connected to municipal sewer, it will have a septic system. Even in newer subdivisions, the septic system may be used where sewer lines aren't available or affordable. If you're buying, plan to review the septic paperwork, ask when it was installed or last pumped, and consider a professional inspection as part of your due diligence.

Why homes typically use septic systems in Mercer County

  • Rural layouts and smaller, spread-out lots make sewer expansion costly and slow. Septic systems offer a practical, off-grid wastewater solution for these properties.
  • Private wells are common, and septic systems play a critical role in protecting groundwater and drinking water supplies when both are in close proximity.
  • Soil and landscape variety mean flexible design is essential. A properly sized septic system works with local soil conditions to treat wastewater on-site.
  • Maintenance matters. In this region, a well-maintained septic system is a smart investment that helps keep your yard healthy and your home comfortable.

County growth history and how that has impacted septic coverage

Mercer County began as a farming crossroads around Harrodsburg, with long-established farmsteads and tight-knit communities. Over time, growth has shifted from strictly agricultural land to a mix of historic towns and newer residential pockets. Because expansion often runs along corridors and into rural neighborhoods where centralized sewer hasn't been extended, septic systems became the reliable, locally familiar method for handling wastewater. This pattern—historic cores serviced by town systems where available, and private septic in the rest—shaped how homes were built, how land was developed, and how families maintain their properties today.

High-level explanation (why septic exists here)

Septic exists here because it's a practical, cost-effective way to manage waste on properties that aren't tied into a city sewer. It minimizes disruption to established landscapes, preserves groundwater quality when properly maintained, and fits the pace of growth in Mercer County. As you explore homes and land here, you'll see that a well-cared-for septic system is a routine part of responsible homeownership in our community.

How Septic Is Regulated in Mercer County

Regulatory framework in Mercer County

  • The state of Kentucky regulates onsite septic systems through the Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection (DEP) and its Onsite Wastewater Program. They set the standards for design, soil testing, permit requirements, and system performance.
  • Mercer County Health Department administers local permitting, inspections, and enforcement in coordination with the state program.
  • All work on a septic system — new installations, upgrades, repairs, or replacements — must be performed by licensed On-site Wastewater Contractors and inspected by the health department.

Permitting and plan review

  • Step 1: Pre-application and site evaluation. A licensed designer or installer evaluates soil conditions and site constraints (setbacks, slopes, wells, etc.) and determines system type (drip, mound, conventional) appropriate for the lot.
  • Step 2: Submit plans for review. The Mercer County Health Department (or designated agent) reviews design plans and supporting soil reports to ensure they meet state and local requirements.
  • Step 3: Permit issuance. Once approved, a construction permit is issued to authorize installation.
  • Step 4: Contractor coordination. Installations must follow the approved plan, with required documentation available for inspection.

Inspection and compliance process

  • Required inspections occur at key milestones: trenching/installation, inspection of the septic tank and plumbing, and final system acceptance after backfilling and testing.
  • Schedule inspections in advance with the Mercer County Health Department. Have the permit number and approved plans on site.
  • If inspectors identify deficiencies, corrections must be completed before moving forward. Final approval is needed before occupancy or use.
  • Homeowners should keep all inspection reports and maintenance paperwork for file and resale.

Maintenance and records

  • Regular maintenance is essential. Plan to pump and inspect the septic tank every 3–5 years, or per the designer's recommendations and local needs.
  • Maintain a record of all servicing, pumpings, and repairs. This helps with performance and potential future sales.
  • Avoid introducing prohibited substances and practices that kill beneficial bacteria or clog the system (excessive grease, harsh cleaners, flushable wipes).

Common questions and practical tips

  • Who can install or repair my system? Licensed On-site Wastewater Contractors in Kentucky; verify their license with the Mercer County Health Department.
  • Do I need a permit for even small repairs? Often yes, especially if the work involves replacing or extending the drainfield.
  • What if I'm buying a home with a septic system? Request the last pumping date, inspection reports, and any records of repair work.

How to start in Mercer County

  1. Contact the Mercer County Health Department to confirm current permit requirements and inspections.
  2. Hire a licensed on-site wastewater professional to assess the site and prepare plans.
  3. Submit plans for review, then obtain a construction permit.
  4. Schedule required inspections and follow the approved plan through installation and final approval.

Official resources

  • EPA Septic systems overview:

Soil, Groundwater & Environmental Factors in Mercer County

Local soils and absorption characteristics

Mercer County lies in Kentucky's Bluegrass region, where soils are often a mix of loams and silty textures. On uplands, well-drained soils typically support good wastewater infiltration; in lower-lying or near-stream areas, drainage can be slower and perched water may occur. Because soil structure and drainage vary across a property, the performance of a septic system depends on site-specific conditions rather than broad assumptions.

  • Use the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey to identify your soil series and typical percolation characteristics for Mercer County: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/
  • Some conditions (shallow water tables, heavy clay, or near-bedrock) may require alternative designs (such as elevated beds or mound systems) to achieve proper treatment and drainage.
  • Expect variation across a single lot. A professional site evaluation will confirm where a drainfield will perform best.

Groundwater depth, water table and well proximity

Groundwater depth in central Kentucky varies with topography, rainfall, and seasons. In Mercer County, fluctuations can influence where a drainfield can be placed and how quickly effluent infiltrates the soil. If you rely on a private well, its location relative to the septic system matters for protecting drinking water quality.

  • Step 1: Review local groundwater information and well logs through the Kentucky Geological Survey: https://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/
  • Step 2: Have a licensed septic designer or engineer confirm that the proposed drainfield will not impact wells or surface water and will meet setback requirements.
  • Step 3: Plan for a soil test and seasonal observation to confirm absorption capacity across wet and dry periods.

Floodplains, wetlands & environmental constraints

Mercer County includes areas that are prone to flooding or that contain wetlands. Septic systems must be sited away from flood-prone zones and protected from interfering with sensitive habitats.

  • Check FEMA flood maps for your property at: https://msc.fema.gov/portal/home
  • Verify any local wetland or environmental restrictions with the Kentucky Energy & Environment Cabinet or your local planning office.

Environmental considerations for septic design

  • Agricultural and surface runoff nearby can affect groundwater quality. Modern septic designs with appropriate setbacks and containment minimize risk.
  • If your lot has limited percolation or a high-water table, discuss alternative systems with a licensed professional.
  • Always consult a licensed septic professional to perform a site evaluation and percolation test tailored to Mercer County soils and climate.

Practical site assessment steps for Mercer County

  1. Gather the most recent soil map for your property via Web Soil Survey to identify soil type and drainage characteristics.
  2. Locate nearby wells, streams, or springs and note their setbacks from the proposed drainfield.
  3. Check local zoning, health department requirements, and septic permitting rules for Mercer County.
  4. Review flood zone information using FEMA maps; plan for elevated or mound systems where needed.
  5. Schedule a site evaluation with a qualified septic designer or engineer who understands Mercer County conditions.

Official resources

Typical Septic System Types in Mercer County

Conventional gravity septic systems

  • How it works: Wastewater flows by gravity from the home into a septic tank, where solids settle. Clarified effluent then moves by gravity into a drainfield of soil absorption trenches.
  • Best suited for: Properties with adequate soil depth and drainage, moderate to good percolation, and a relatively flat lot.
  • Maintenance: Pump the tank every 2–3 years (or as recommended by a licensed pro) and have the system inspected during service.
  • Pros: Simple design, lower upfront cost, reliable with good soils.
  • Cons: Less effective in poorly drained soils or high groundwater zones; a failing drainfield can require costly fixes.
  • Official resources: EPA septic page: EPA septic page: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Typical Septic Issues Across Mercer County

Root intrusion and drainfield stress

  • Tree and shrub roots naturally seek moisture and nutrients, and they can infiltrate septic tanks, risers, and especially the drainfield trenches. This can clog pipes and reduce the area where effluent can safely soak into the soil.
  • Signs include damp, unusually lush spots on the lawn, gurgling sounds in pipes, or cracks in driveways or patios near the septic area.
  • Prevention and actions:
    • Plant distance: keep trees and shrubs well away from the drainfield area (consult a licensed septic contractor for site-specific guidance).
    • Regular inspections help catch root intrusion early. If roots are found, a professional may need to remove them and repair affected components.
  • For state guidance on site requirements and permits, see the Kentucky On-Site Sewage Program:

Overloading the system with water and solids

  • Excessive water from laundry, long showers, or running multiple tasks at once can flood the drainfield and push solids into the absorption area.
  • Solids from garbage disposals and improper flushing accumulate faster than the tank can break them down, leading to backups and odor.
  • Prevention and actions:
    • Space out high-water-use activities; run full loads and avoid continuous small draws.
    • Limit garbage disposal use; consider composting appropriate kitchen scraps.
    • If you notice slow drains or surface wet areas, schedule a professional evaluation.
  • EPA's septic resources offer practical guidance on reducing overloads: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Regular maintenance gaps

  • Tanks that aren't pumped or inspected regularly can accumulate solids, reduce capacity, and increase the risk of scum buildup reaching the outlet pipe.
  • Maintenance basics:
    • Most residential systems benefit from pumping every 3–5 years, depending on tank size and household usage.
    • Have the tank inspected during pumping; look for cracks, lifted lids, or venting issues.
  • If it's been several years or you're unsure, arrange a professional assessment.
  • State guidance on maintenance and inspections is available through Kentucky's On-Site Sewage Program: https://eec.ky.gov/Environmental-Protection/Waste-Management/Solid-Waste/On-Site-Sewage-Program/Pages/default.aspx

Drainfield soil and site limitations

  • Soakage effectiveness depends on soil type, layer depth, and drainage. Clay soils, compacted soil, or a high water table hinder proper absorption.
  • Symptoms include standing water after rainfall, foul odors near the drainfield, or excessively wet turf in the system area.
  • What to do:
    • A soils assessment by a licensed pro helps determine suitability and potential enhancements.
    • In some cases, improvements or alternative drainfield designs are needed to restore performance.
  • See EPA guidance for general site considerations: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Tank integrity and lids

  • Cracked tanks, missing or poorly sealed lids, or damaged risers can allow odors to escape and pests to access the system.
  • Regularly inspect for visible cracks or misalignment; ensure lids are secure and marked above ground.
  • Action: if you notice damage, contact a licensed septic contractor for repair or replacement.

Improper waste disposal

  • Fats, oils, and grease; dental floss, wipes labeled "flushable," diapers, feminine products, solvents, or pesticides should not go into the system.
  • These items clog pipes, harm beneficial bacteria, and reduce treatment efficiency.
  • Prevention:
    • Use a trash can for non-biodegradable items.
    • Avoid chemical cleaners that kill beneficial bacteria; choose septic-safe products when possible.
  • For consumer guidance, see EPA's septic-safe practices: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Signs of trouble and immediate steps

Septic Inspection, Permits & Local Oversight

Who oversees permits in Mercer County

  • In Mercer County, onsite wastewater permits and inspections are typically handled by the Mercer County Health Department. They review plans, issue permits, and conduct inspections to verify proper installation and functioning.
  • Helpful starting point: check the Mercer County Health Department's official site for local requirements, contact info, and forms.

What requires a permit

  • New septic system installations
  • Replacements or repairs of existing systems
  • Additions or substantial renovations that affect the wastewater system
  • In some cases, routine maintenance or minor repairs may not require a permit, but any project that changes how wastewater is treated or discharged will usually need local approval and inspection. Always check with your county health department first.

Key steps to get authorized

  1. Confirm requirements with the Mercer County Health Department
  2. Call or visit the health department to verify whether a permit and inspections are needed for your project.
  3. Gather site information
  4. Property plat or lot map, well locations, and any nearby water features.
  5. A preliminary site evaluation or soil assessment data if required.
  6. Prepare a compliant plan
  7. Work with a qualified designer or installer to produce a system plan that meets Kentucky guidelines and local rules.
  8. Include proposed tank locations, leach field layout, effluent treatment components, and setback distances.
  9. Submit the permit package and pay fees
  10. Submit plans, forms, and any required fees to the Mercer County Health Department.
  11. Keep copies of all submissions and confirmations.
  12. Receive the permit and schedule inspections
  13. Once approved, you'll get a permit number and a schedule for inspections at key milestones during installation.
  14. Complete installation under the eye of inspectors
  15. Installers should be licensed and follow all design specs and local codes.
  16. Inspections typically occur at pre-install, during trenching/backfilling, and after final system completion.

What to expect during inspections

  • Pre-installation check: verify lot boundaries, setback distances (from wells, streams, and property lines), and where tanks and fields will go.
  • In-progress inspections: verify trenching, pipe placement, bed/leach field layouts, and backfill methods.
  • Final inspection: confirm system is correctly installed, test the system's function, and file as-built documentation or certification.

Documentation you'll need on hand

  • Permit numbers and approval letters
  • Designer or engineer plans and specifications
  • Licensed contractor and installer information
  • As-built drawings or certification after completion

Where to find official guidance

Quick tips to avoid delays

  • Start with a clean site plan showing all setbacks (wells, streams, property lines) and lot boundaries.
  • Engage a qualified designer and licensed installer early to ensure plans meet state and local requirements.
  • Schedule inspections before you cover trenches or backfill, as rework can add time and cost.

Cost Expectations for Septic Services in Mercer County

Septic Tank Pumping / Cleaning

  • What it includes: Remove accumulated sludge and scum to protect tank integrity, inspect tank interior and baffles, check inlet/outlet integrity, and note any obvious issues. In Mercer County, crews may also assess access to lids and risers for future maintenance.
  • Mercer County specifics: Local soils and seasonal groundwater can influence access and scheduling; rural drives and driveway conditions can add minor travel or access charges. Larger tanks or multi-tank systems cost more, especially if a pump-out requires heavy equipment.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: approximately $250–$700, with larger residential tanks or multiple compartments potentially $400–$1,000.

Septic System Inspection (Maintenance or Sale)

  • What it includes: Visual inspection of the tank, accessible risers, and covers; assessing scum and sludge layers; field inspection of the drainfield; operability checks of pumps or alarms; recommendations for next steps.
  • Mercer County specifics: A thorough inspection in this area often notes soil absorption conditions and any history of flooding or high water tables, which can affect field performance.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: about $150–$350 for a basic inspection; $200–$500 for a more comprehensive, report-backed inspection.

Camera / Diagnostic Inspection (Tanks, Lines, and Laterals)

  • What it includes: CCTV or other diagnostic methods to view tank baffles, lines, and the interior of the septic system; locating utilities and identifying blockages or root intrusion.
  • Mercer County specifics: Property accessibility and older parcel layouts can make diagnostics more time-consuming, increasing labor and travel charges.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: $300–$800, depending on the extent of the system and access.

Soil Evaluation / Perc Test (New Systems or Major Replacements)

  • What it includes: Soil investigations to determine suitability and design for a new system; a percolation test and soil profiling; soil scientist or licensed designer involvement.
  • Mercer County specifics: Local soil varieties (often clay-rich or variable per the region) can drive design toward mound or bed systems if standard trenches won't drain properly.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: roughly $500–$2,000, with more complex evaluations or interdisciplinary design work moving higher.

Drainfield Repair or Replacement (Leach Field, including Mound Systems)

  • What it includes: Excavation, repair or replacement of damaged lines or trenches; possible installation of a new leach field or an alternative like a mound system; backfill and compaction checks; system start-up and test.
  • Mercer County specifics: Soils and seasonal moisture can push projects toward elevated designs (mounds) or larger field areas, increasing both cost and duration.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: conventional repairs often $2,000–$8,000; full replacement can range $10,000–$25,000 for standard fields, $20,000–$60,000 for mound systems.

Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU) Maintenance and Repair

  • What it includes: Service checks, filter cleaning or replacement, blower or aerator service, and effluent pumping or line checks; seasonal start-up and alarms testing.
  • Mercer County specifics: ATUs may require local maintenance agreements; some properties rely on ATUs due to soil limitations.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: initial service $150–$350; ongoing maintenance $500–$1,200 annually, plus minor parts.

Septic System Design & Permitting (For New Install or Major Remodel)

  • What it includes: System design by a licensed professional, engineer input if required, and permit placement with the local health department or governing authority; site plans and system schematics.
  • Mercer County specifics: Permitting processes follow Kentucky or local health department guidelines; soils and access impact design choices and permit timelines.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: design and permitting generally $1,000–$5,000+, depending on system complexity and required approvals.

System Replacement or Decommissioning

  • What it includes: Complete system replacement when repair isn't feasible, or decommissioning an old system with proper abandonment procedures; includes permitting, disposal, and final certifications.
  • Mercer County specifics: Rural property layouts and aging infrastructure can necessitate conservative replacements or staged work.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: replacement $10,000–$40,000+; decommissioning typically $500–$2,000.

Tie-In to Municipal Sewer (if available)

  • What it includes: Connecting a property septic system to a municipal sewer line; trenching, lining, and backfilling; final connection inspections.
  • Mercer County specifics: Availability varies by location; distance to sewer lines and required trenching drive up costs.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: $3,000–$15,000+, depending on distance and utility access.

Emergency / After-Hours Service

  • What it includes: Rapid response outside normal hours; readiness for urgent failures or backups; possible higher dispatch and labor rates.
  • Mercer County specifics: Rural locations and weather can necessitate after-hours visits; travel time may increase charges.
  • Typical cost in Mercer County: often time-and-a-half to double standard rates, plus any emergency trip charges ($50–$150 typical).

Steps to plan a septic service (quick guide)

  1. Confirm the problem or service type (pump, inspect, diagnose, or replace).
  2. Schedule a site visit with a licensed septic contractor familiar with Mercer County soils.
  3. Get a written estimate detailing scope, backups, and any potential field work.
  4. Prepare access to the tank and any needed entry points (clear driveways, curb cuts).
  5. Review maintenance plan and future costs (annual ATU maintenance, pump-out cadence).

Official resources

  • Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection – Onsite Wastewater Program:
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Cities & Communities in Mercer County With Septic Systems

Harrodsburg

Harrodsburg, the Mercer County seat, blends historic homes with newer residences, and many yards rely on on-site septic systems rather than municipal sewer. Whether you're in an older district or a newer subdivision, proper maintenance helps protect your system and your property value.

  • Septic care basics
    • Schedule professional pumping every 3-5 years, or as recommended by your system designer based on tank size and household water use.
    • Keep good records of every service, including pumping dates and any repairs.
    • Protect the drain field: avoid parking vehicles or placing heavy objects on it; keep grass growing to minimize soil disturbance and root intrusion.
    • Conserve water to reduce load on the system: fix leaks, use high-efficiency appliances, and spread out laundry and dishwashing.
    • Be cautious about what goes down the drain: avoid flushing non-dispersed items, fats, oils, greases, and harsh chemicals that can disrupt beneficial bacteria.
  • If you're buying a home in Harrodsburg
    1. Hire a licensed septic inspector to evaluate the system's age, condition, and pumping history.
    2. Review the last pumping date and any past repairs.
    3. Ask about expected life of the drain field and any recommended replacements.
    4. Get a clear estimate for future maintenance to plan your budget.
  • Signs of trouble to watch for
    • Gurgling sounds, slow drains, sewage odors, or unusually lush patches in the yard above the system.
    • Wet or swampy areas near the drain field after rainfall.

Burgin

Burgin is another Mercer County community with many homes that rely on septic systems. As with Harrodsburg, regular maintenance and mindful usage are key to avoiding costly repairs and protecting groundwater.

  • Maintenance guidelines for Burgin residents
    • Inspect and pump on a proactive schedule (typical range: every 3-5 years, adjusted for tank size and usage).
    • Create a simple maintenance calendar and keep copies of service logs.
    • Protect the drain field by limiting traffic above it and planting only shallow-rooted vegetation nearby.
    • Use septic-safe products and avoid dumping chemicals or solvents into sinks or toilets.
  • Planning for upgrades or installation
    • If you're adding bathrooms or expanding living space, consult a licensed septic professional early to size and design the system appropriately.
    • Confirm any local zoning or health department requirements before major changes.
  • Troubleshooting tips
    • If drains slow or you notice odors, schedule a professional inspection promptly to determine whether pumping or an evaluation of the drain field is needed.

Mercer County-wide considerations

  • General upkeep that helps all septic systems
    • Establish a routine: pump, inspect, and review system components on a regular cycle.
    • Protect the area around the septic system from compaction, heavy use, and landscaping changes.
    • Be mindful of seasonal groundwater changes that can affect system performance.
  • How to find qualified local help
    • Seek licensed septic contractors with verifiable credentials and good references.
    • Ask about warranties, existing service plans, and post-installation inspections.

Resources

  • EPA: Septic Systems (septic safety, maintenance, and troubleshooting) —
  • CDC: Septic System Drain Field basics —

Septic vs Sewer Across Mercer County

How septic systems and public sewer differ

  • Septic: A home's own wastewater system. A septic tank sits underground on your property, with cleared effluent percolating through a drain field.
  • Sewer: Wastewater travels via underground pipes to a municipal or county treatment facility. You're billed by the utility, not by pumping your own tank.

In Mercer County, rural homes typically rely on septic systems, while towns and cities rely on publicly managed sewer services. The choice isn't just about where you live—it affects maintenance, costs, and long‑term property planning.

Availability and what it means for you

  • Not every address has access to sewer lines. If you're outside a city service area, you'll almost certainly need a septic system.
  • If you're near Harrodsburg or other towns, check with the local utility district or city public works to confirm line availability, connection requirements, and any tap fees.
  • Availability can change as municipalities extend service; stay informed with official city or county announcements.

Costs and ongoing bills

  • Septic system installation and replacement: highly variable, typically several thousand to tens of thousands of dollars depending on soil, lot size, tank type, and drainage field design.
  • Sewer connection costs: tap fees, initial connection work, and monthly or quarterly service charges based on usage.
  • Ongoing maintenance: septic systems require pumping every 3–5 years on average (varying by household size, tank size, and soil conditions). Sewer service adds regular bills regardless of individual usage.
  • For budgeting, confirm with the local utility or county health department the current connection fees and typical sewer rates in your area.

Pros and cons at a glance

  • Septic systems
    • Pros: Lower monthly ongoing costs after installation; independence from municipal schedules; control over on-site management.
    • Cons: Regular pumping and maintenance required; failure can be costly and disruptive; performance depends on soil and proper use.
  • Public sewer
    • Pros: No on-site tank maintenance; generally reliable; municipal repairs handled by the utility.
    • Cons: Ongoing monthly bills; potential sewer backups if lines clog or exceed capacity; fewer on-site controls.

When to consider connecting to sewer

  1. Sewer service becomes available to your property boundary or inside your parcel and you receive a formal notification.
  2. Your existing septic system is failing or no longer meets local health or environmental standards.
  3. A home sale or refinancing involves disclosure or lender requirements related to wastewater disposal.
  4. You're planning major renovations or adding bedrooms that stress an aging septic system.
  5. Local regulations or incentives encourage conversion to public sewer.

Maintenance and long-term care for either option

  • Schedule regular inspections with a licensed professional every 3–5 years for septic systems; sooner if you notice odors, pooling, or backups.
  • Pump the septic tank at the interval recommended by the local pro, not simply by a generic timetable.
  • Use water efficiently: fix leaks promptly, stagger heavy loads, and avoid excessive use of garbage disposal additives in the drain field.
  • Protect the drain field: keep vehicles off, plant only shallow-rooted vegetation nearby, and prevent encroachment by structures or concrete.
  • Use septic-safe products and avoid pouring fats, oils, solvents, paints, or non-biodegradable items down drains.

Permits, inspections, and official resources

  • Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection – Septic Systems:
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – SepticSmart: https://www.epa.gov/septic

If you're unsure which option serves your Mercer County property best, start by confirming service availability with the local utility and reviewing official guidance on septic systems from the Kentucky DEP and EPA.