Septic in Ellsworth County, KS

Last updated: Mar 21, 2026

Ellsworth County sits quiet and open, with farms and small towns stitched together by prairie wind and wide skies. If you've ever driven from Ellsworth through the countryside, you know homes here are often spread out, with a lot of land between neighbors. That practical reality is why septic systems are a common, working part of everyday life in this county.

Is septic common in Ellsworth County? Should I expect septic if I own or buy a home?

Yes. In the rural and fringe areas outside city limits, a septic system is the usual setup for treating household wastewater. Some homes closer to town may be connected to a municipal sewer, but many properties—especially older ones or newer homes on larger lots—use on-site septic systems. When you buy, sell, or inspect a property, confirm whether there is a sewer connection and, if not, what kind of septic is installed, its age, and its current condition. A quick chat with the seller, your real estate agent, or the county health department can save surprises later.

Why homes typically use septic systems in Ellsworth County

  • Rural layout and land availability: Homes are often several acres apart, not aligned on a grid with a single sewer line.
  • Cost and practicality: Extending sewer mains across large farms and remote parcels is expensive and logistically challenging.
  • Soil and groundwater considerations: Local soils and groundwater dynamics shape what kind of on-site system is viable, from conventional tanks to mound or drip systems, with proper setback and maintenance.
  • Regulatory framework: County health rules and state guidelines govern inspections, permits, and ongoing maintenance to keep those systems safe for soil and water.

County growth history and how that has impacted septic coverage

  • Early growth centered on agriculture and rail access, with many homesteads built far from urban centers.
  • Population density remained low, so centralized sewer was rarely extended far into rural areas.
  • Suburban and rural residential patterns near towns brought more properties onto septic, while some newer developments still rely on on-site treatment due to distance from town sewer lines.
  • Today, septic coverage mirrors that history: a practical, trusted solution for where homes sit too far apart for a universal sewer system, with ongoing emphasis on proper design, installation, and maintenance.

High-level explanation (why septic exists here)

Septic systems exist here because they provide a simple, effective way to treat wastewater on-site where centralized sewer isn't practical or affordable, protecting soil, groundwater, and your investment while letting you live comfortably on rural land.

A warm, neighborhood-informed approach starts with knowing your own property, and that mindset carries through every step of planning, maintaining, or buying a home in Ellsworth County.

How Septic Is Regulated in Ellsworth County

Who regulates septic systems in Ellsworth County

  • In Kansas, state-wide standards for on-site wastewater systems (OWTS) are set by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE).
  • The Ellsworth County Health Department handles local administration: issuing permits, reviewing designs, conducting inspections, and enforcing compliance under those state rules.
  • Some towns within the county may have additional requirements, but they operate within KDHE's framework.

Permits and inspections

  • To install, replace, or abandon an OWTS, you must obtain a permit from the Ellsworth County Health Department before work begins.
  • A licensed designer or engineer should prepare a site evaluation and a detailed plan that meets KDHE design criteria; soil tests are typically required.
  • Process at a glance:
    1. Contact Ellsworth County Health Department to start the permit application.
    2. Hire a licensed designer to perform soil evaluation and prepare the plan.
    3. Submit plans for county review and obtain the permit before work starts.
    4. Have the installation conducted by a licensed septic contractor; inspections occur at key milestones.
    5. Schedule and pass the final inspection to obtain official approval.
  • Final approval and record-keeping are required for the permit to be considered closed and the system compliant.

Design and installation standards

  • KDHE design criteria govern system sizing, effluent treatment, setbacks, and allowable components.
  • Soil evaluation determines the absorption area size and the appropriate field type (standard trench, mound, or other approved designs).
  • Setbacks from wells, streams, property lines, buildings, and other features are required; local amendments may apply but must align with state rules.
  • All components—septic tanks, pumps, dosing devices, distribution boxes, and filters—must be approved and installed as designed. Any deviation typically requires resubmission and a new permit.

Maintenance and ongoing care

  • Regular pumping is essential; many households follow a 3- to 5-year pumping schedule, with frequency adjusted for tank size, household size, and usage.
  • Protect the drainfield: avoid driving or placing heavy objects on the area, limit vegetation that roots deeply, and conserve water to reduce load on the system.
  • Do not flush chemicals, solvents, oils, grease, wipes, or non-biodegradable items.
  • Maintain complete records of pumping and any repairs; these help with future property transactions and potential system work.

What to do if you have a problem

  • Odors, surfacing effluent, or backups should be reported to the Ellsworth County Health Department promptly.
  • The department will guide diagnostic steps, determine if repairs or replacement are needed, and issue any required permits.
  • For major repairs or upgrades, expect plan reviews and new permits aligned with KDHE standards.

Where to find official resources

  • KDHE: On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems information and guidance (official state program):
  • KDHE homeowner guidance and state standards: accessible through the KDHE site by searching for On-site Wastewater or Homeowner Guides.

Soil, Groundwater & Environmental Factors in Ellsworth County

Local soil profile in Ellsworth County

Ellsworth County soils influence how a septic system drains and how resilient the drainfield will be over time. Across the county you'll encounter a mix of soil textures, from loams to clays, with varying drainage classes. In practical terms:

  • Soils with moderate infiltration are more forgiving for conventional drainfields; very slow or very fast soils can require design adjustments.
  • Depth to restrictive layers (such as dense clay or bedrock) and the presence of perched water can limit what drainfield configurations will work on a given parcel.
  • To know your site specifically, use the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey to identify your soil texture, drainage class, and depth to restricting layers. Steps: (1) go to websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov, (2) locate your property, (3) read the map unit properties for drainage and depth to bedrock or hardpan. Official resource: NRCS Web Soil Survey (https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/'>https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/).
  • If your soil is predominantly clay or has a shallow restrictive layer, you may need alternative designs (e.g., mound systems) or longer driveways to separate the drainfield from restrictive zones. Always consult a licensed onsite wastewater designer.
  • Printing or saving the soil report helps during design discussions with a pro and when applying for permits.

Groundwater considerations in Ellsworth County

Groundwater depth and seasonal fluctuations play a major role in septic performance. In Ellsworth County, water tables can rise during spring rains and after wet seasons, which can temporarily affect infiltration and effluent distribution. Practical tips:

  • Check estimated depth to groundwater and look for seasonal patterns using groundwater data and well logs from official sources. This helps you avoid placing a drainfield where saturation occurs during wet periods.
  • Use the KDHE/Well Completion or Kansas Geological Survey resources to estimate typical groundwater conditions in your area. Official resources: KDHE (Kansas Department of Health and Environment) and Kansas Geological Survey (https://www.kgs.ku.edu'>https://www.kgs.ku.edu).
  • Maintain required setbacks from wells, streams, and property lines as prescribed by state regulations. If groundwater is shallow on your site, a licensed designer may recommend designs such as an elevated drainfield or alternative systems.
  • Be mindful of flood-prone zones. Drainfields in floodplains or near surface water can experience washout or contamination risks, especially during heavy rain events.

Environmental factors affecting septic performance

Several environmental factors common to Ellsworth County can impact system longevity and performance:

  • Floodplains and wetlands: avoid placing the drainfield in or near flood-prone areas or wetlands, where saturation and runoff can overwhelm infiltration.
  • Slopes and drainage patterns: locate drainfields on gentle slopes or level ground to promote uniform distribution and reduce runoff toward surface water.
  • Surface water proximity: keep drainfields away from streams and large irrigation areas to minimize contamination risk and ensure adequate soil absorption.
  • Plant roots and soil compaction: avoid heavy-footprint work over the drainfield and keep tree roots away, since aggressive root systems can damage laterals.

Practical steps for Ellsworth County homeowners

  1. Identify your soil and drainage characteristics with the Web Soil Survey. Then document your findings for your septic designer.
  2. Assess the groundwater context by reviewing local data and well logs to estimate seasonal depth to water.
  3. Hire a licensed onsite wastewater designer or engineer familiar with Kansas regulations to determine the appropriate system type for your site (conventional, mound, bed, or alternative designs).
  4. Plan drainfield placement with respect to setbacks from wells, streams, property lines, and flood-prone areas; choose a location on level or gently sloping ground when possible.
  5. Protect the drainfield area during installation and minimize soil compaction; avoid heavy machinery or construction traffic on the site.
  6. After installation, schedule regular inspections and pumping per local guidelines to preserve functionality and prevent failures.

Resources:

Typical Septic System Types in Ellsworth County

Conventional gravity septic systems

  • How they work: A buried septic tank receives wastewater, followed by a drainfield of perforated pipes in properly soils. Gravity moves effluent from the tank to the soil where it's treated.
  • When it fits: Common in homes with adequate soil depth and permeability.
  • Key features: Simple design, lower up-front cost.
  • Pros and cons:
    • Pros: Reliable when soils drain well; straightforward maintenance.
    • Cons: Space-intensive; poor soils or high groundwater require alternatives.
  • Maintenance basics:
    • Regular pumping every 3–5 years, depending on household size and usage.
    • Keep the area over the drainfield clear of heavy equipment and vehicles.
    • Avoid flushing nonbiodegradable items or excess fats/oils.

Pressure distribution drainfields (low-pressure dose systems)

  • How they work: A pump or siphon distributes effluent under low pressure to multiple``-inch-wide lines within the drainfield, promoting even soaking.
  • When it fits: Beneficial on sites with uneven soils, shallow groundwater, or limited drainfield area.
  • Key features: More uniform distribution, often used where conventional gravity fields won't perform evenly.
  • Pros and cons:
    • Pros: Improved performance in marginal soils; efficient use of space.
    • Cons: Requires a pump/controls and more maintenance.
  • Maintenance basics:
    • Check pump and control components regularly.
    • Have system pumped per manufacturer/installer recommendations.

Mound systems

  • How they work: An elevated "mound" of engineered soil sits above natural ground, with a dosing system delivering effluent to the absorption area.
  • When it fits: Used when native soils have poor percolation or shallow depth to groundwater.
  • Key features: Elevated drainfield, soil amendments to improve treatment.
  • Pros and cons:
    • Pros: Expands usable sites on challenging lots.
    • Cons: Higher installation cost; more complex maintenance.
  • Maintenance basics:
    • Regular inspections; monitor for surface dampness or odors.
    • Follow pumping and maintenance schedules through your designer or installer.

Sand filters and recirculating sand filters

  • How they work: Pretreated wastewater passes through a sand media bed where physical/biological processes further reduce contaminants.
  • When it fits: Helpful where soils don't provide adequate treatment or when there's limited space for a traditional drainfield.
  • Key features: Additional secondary treatment step; often paired with a pump and storage.
  • Pros and cons:
    • Pros: Higher effluent quality; flexible siting.
    • Cons: Higher cost; requires routine maintenance and media replacement over time.
  • Maintenance basics:
    • Scheduled inspections of the media bed and pump components.
    • Periodic testing of treated effluent as directed.

Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs) and other enhanced treatment options

  • How they work: Mechanical aeration and filtration improve breakdown of waste before the effluent is dispersed in a drainfield.
  • When it fits: Useful when site conditions limit conventional systems or when higher treatment is needed.
  • Key features: Mechanical components; often require operation and maintenance by a licensed provider.
  • Pros and cons:
    • Pros: Higher quality effluent can expand suitability in tight or challenging sites.
    • Cons: Higher energy use; ongoing professional maintenance required.
  • Maintenance basics:
    • Regular servicing by a certified operator; keep an access lid clear for technicians.
    • Adhere to recommended pumping and inspection intervals.

Drip irrigation and other alternative disposal methods

  • How they work: Treated effluent is applied below ground to landscape plantings or gardens via drip tubing or shallow irrigation lines.
  • When it fits: Suitable for properties with limited drainfield area or specific landscaping goals.
  • Key features: Water reuse potential; compact footprint.
  • Pros and cons:
    • Pros: Efficient use of effluent; reduces drainage area requirements.
    • Cons: Requires careful design to prevent contamination; monitoring for clogs and leaks.
  • Maintenance basics:
    • Regular line flushing and filter checks; seasonal inspection after installation.

Site evaluation and permitting considerations

  • Before choosing a system, your site must be evaluated for soil permeability, depth to groundwater, and lot constraints.
  • Steps typically include:
    1. Contact Ellsworth County Health Department or KDHE for permitting requirements.
    2. Have a licensed designer or engineer perform a percolation and soils assessment.
    3. Obtain design approval and installation permits.
    4. Schedule installation by a licensed contractor.
    5. Arrange inspections at key milestones (pre-backfill, final, and pumping intervals).

Official resources (for guidance and regulations)

Typical Septic Issues Across Ellsworth County

Common symptoms to notice

A few signs at the house and yard can indicate a septic issue before it becomes serious. In Ellsworth County homes, you'll often see a combination of inside and outside indicators.

  • Slow drains, repeated backups, or toilets that gurgle
  • Foul, penetrating sewer odors indoors or near the septic area
  • Wet, spongy spots or unusually lush green grass over the drain field
  • Toilet paper or sewage in tubs or on the drain pipes
  • Water pooling in the yard after rain or irrigation

Local factors that influence septic performance

Ellsworth County's soil, climate, and groundwater conditions affect how well a system works and how quickly problems appear.

  • Soil and subsurface: shallow bedrock or limestone, clay layers, and limited drainage can restrict drainage and reduce tank efficiency
  • Drainfield stress: saturated soil from heavy rain or high seasonal water tables causes backups and slow percolation
  • Frost and freeze-thaw cycles: winter conditions can impact bacterial activity and distribution lines
  • System age and size: older systems or ones that were undersized for the household load are more prone to early failures
  • Root intrusion: trees and shrubs near the drain field can encroach on pipes and reduce permeability

Maintenance and usage patterns that cause problems

Many issues stem from how a system is used or maintained over time.

  • Infrequent pumping: letting solids accumulate beyond the tank's capacity leads to solids rising into the distribution box or drainfield
  • Excessive water use: large constant flows from showers, dishwashers, and laundry can overwhelm the system
  • Inappropriate disposal: fats, oils, grease, and non-biodegradable items clog tanks and pipes
  • Planting and traffic: driving over or planting trees over the drain field can compact soil and damage lines
  • Poor venting or baffle issues: faulty or damaged baffles allow solids to reach the drainfield

Typical failures and what they look like

Understanding failure modes helps you respond promptly.

  • Tank-related failures: sagging or cracked lids, overflowing tanks, or pump chamber issues
  • Drainfield failures: persistent damp spots, strong odors, or like-surge grass growth over the field
  • Inlet/outlet problems: solids or scum reach the drainfield due to broken baffles or improper tank maintenance
  • System-wide backups: slow drainage across the home with foul smells

Quick steps if you suspect a problem

If you notice trouble, act in a measured, practical way.

  1. Conserve water and limit nonessential use to reduce load
  2. Inspect easily accessible components for odors, leaks, or standing water around the tank lid
  3. Check for backups inside fixtures and run-off in the yard
  4. Contact a licensed septic contractor or your local health department for an inspection
  5. If the tank is full or the drainfield is failing, schedule pumping and a drainfield evaluation

Preventive practices to protect Ellsworth County systems

Prevention saves money and headache in the long run.

  • Pump on a schedule: typical intervals are every 3–5 years, depending on tank size and household usage
  • Use water-efficient fixtures to reduce daily loads
  • Dispose of fats, oils, grease, and solids properly; avoid flushing non-biodegradable items
  • Protect the drain field: keep vehicles off, avoid planting trees or shrubs with deep roots nearby
  • Manage irrigation and rainwater: direct downspouts away from the drain field and avoid excessive surface water near the area
  • Schedule routine inspections to catch issues early and maintain proper tank fluids and bacteria balance

Official resources

Septic Inspection, Permits & Local Oversight

Local oversight in Ellsworth County

In Kansas, on-site septic systems are overseen by the state and implemented locally by county health departments. Ellsworth County Health Department handles permits, inspections, and enforcement for rural and unincorporated areas. If your property is inside a city, check with the city's building or health department as rules can differ.

Permits you may need

  • A permit is typically required before installing a new septic system, replacing an old one, or making substantial repairs.
  • Minor repairs may not require a full permit, but most changes to the system will need review and approval.
  • If you're changing the type of system (for example, from a conventional septic to an alternative system), you'll likely need a permit and a revised plan.
  • Work with a licensed designer or installer as required by local authorities.
  • Gather documents you'll likely need: site evaluation, soil report, system design plan, site plan showing the drain field, and setback information (from wells, streams, property lines).

How to apply for a permit

  1. Confirm jurisdiction with Ellsworth County Health Department (county vs. city authority).
  2. Gather all required documents and any preliminary drawings or soil reports.
  3. Submit the application with the plan, and pay any applicable fees to the designated local office.
  4. Receive the permit and schedule the required inspections.

Inspection process

  • Inspections are typically required at key milestones:
    • After trenches are dug and prior to backfilling.
    • After tanks, lids, risers, and distribution components are in place, before backfilling.
    • Final inspection once the system is installed, covered, and ready to be placed into service.
  • Plan for some lead time; notify the inspector ahead of milestones so scheduling fits your project timeline.

What inspectors look for

  • Correct tank placement, orientation, and baffle integrity.
  • Proper pipe slope, cleanouts, and distribution methods for the drain field.
  • Adequate separation from groundwater, surface water, wells, foundations, and property lines.
  • Correct soil absorption area installation, depth, and soil type suitability.
  • Proper backfill around tanks and risers; appropriate cover depth and ventilation as required.
  • Compliance with local setbacks and any specific Ellsworth County rules.

After installation: maintenance, records, and enforcement

  • Keep an as-built diagram, system location, and pumping schedule on file.
  • Adhere to recommended pumping intervals and maintenance requirements from the design and local guidelines.
  • If you notice problems such as slow drains, gurgling, surface sogginess, or sewage odors, contact the health department for guidance.

Helpful resources

  • Kansas Department of Health and Environment – On-Site Wastewater Program: [KDHE On-Site Wastewater Program](https://kdhe.ks.gov)

Cost Expectations for Septic Services in Ellsworth County

Septic Tank Pumping and Cleaning

  • What it includes: removing accumulated solids from the tank, cleaning baffles and outlets, inspecting pumps or alarms tied to the tank, and checking access lids for safety. Commonly done as part of routine maintenance every 1–3 years depending on usage.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: travel time to rural homes and older tank configurations can affect price. If the system has multiple tanks or a particularly large tank, expect a higher charge.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: $200–$350 per pumping.
  • Notes: after pumping, homeowners often receive reminders about future pumping schedules based on household size and water usage.

Septic System Inspection and Maintenance Check

  • What it includes: visual inspection of lids, manholes, and pump chamber; check of effluent screen (if present); evaluation of drain field performance; basic troubleshooting and maintenance recommendations.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: inspections may be timed around spring thaw or after heavy rains when systems are more likely to show stress. Some lenders require a current inspection for property transactions.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: $100–$250.
  • Notes: a formal written report can be added for about $50–$150 if you're selling or refinancing.

Perc Test and System Design for New Installations

  • What it includes: soil percolation testing, site evaluation, and a preliminary system design to meet KDHE requirements; coordination with permitting.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: soils vary across the county; local guidelines may influence whether a conventional or mound system is needed. A qualified designer will confirm setback distances and accessibility.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: Perc test $200–$500; design and submission $1,000–$3,000 (combined often $1,200–$3,500 depending on complexity).
  • Notes: permit fees are typically part of the project once a system is planned and approved.

New Septic System Installation (Conventional)

  • What it includes: site evaluation, system design, permits, excavation, installation of septic tank and drain field, backfilling, and initial system start-up.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: soil type and drainage influence field size and layout; local inspections occur at key milestones.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: $9,000–$15,000 for a conventional system; $15,000–$25,000 for mound or specialty systems.
  • Notes: additional costs can arise from difficult access, long distances, or unique site constraints.

Septic Tank Replacement (Tank Only)

  • What it includes: removal of the old tank, disposal of the old unit, installation of a new tank, lids and covers, backfill, and initial testing.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: if the existing tank is not compatible with new components, or access is tight, labor and equipment charges rise.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: $3,000–$7,000.

Drain Field Repair and Replacement

  • What it includes: diagnostics to locate failing trenches or lines; repair of damaged components; or full drain-field replacement if repair isn't viable.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: soil conditions and water tables influence method and duration.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: Repair $2,000–$6,000; full replacement $5,000–$15,000 (size and soil impact final price).

Septic System Component Repair (Pumps, Alarms, Filters)

  • What it includes: replacement or repair of components such as effluent pumps, float switches, alarms, or filtration devices.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: availability of parts and on-site repair time can affect pricing.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: $150–$900 depending on part and labor.

Line Jetting and Root Removal

  • What it includes: hydro-jetting of lines to clear blockages and remove roots; camera inspection to confirm clearance.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: root intrusion is common in older lines; aggressive clearing can extend system life but requires proper disposal and follow-up.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: $200–$500.

Lids, Covers, and Access Port Replacement

  • What it includes: replacing damaged or missing lids and access points; ensures safe and code-compliant access for service in the future.
  • Ellsworth County specifics: local codes may require sturdy, tamper-resistant lids for safety.
  • Typical cost in Ellsworth County: $150–$600.

Steps to plan (quick guide)

  1. Confirm permit requirements with KDHE and/or Ellsworth County authorities.
  2. Gather maintenance records and system age information.
  3. Request bids from 3 local septic pros and compare scope and warranties.
  4. Schedule work before peak wet seasons or before putting a home on the market if needed.

Resources

Septic vs Sewer Across Ellsworth County

How systems are used across Ellsworth County

  • Rural and rural-adjacent properties: most rely on on-site septic systems that treat wastewater on the property.
  • Towns and some developed areas: municipal sewer lines carry waste to a centralized treatment plant.

If you're unsure which setup serves your property, check with your local zoning or public works office or review property records. Knowing what you're on helps you plan maintenance, costs, and potential upgrades.

Pros and cons at a glance

  • Septic on a private lot
    • Pros: no monthly sewer bill; control over maintenance schedule; can be economical long term with proper care.
    • Cons: responsibility for system care; potential repair costs; requires soil and space with an appropriate drainfield.
  • Public sewer
    • Pros: no drainfield to maintain; no septic pumping; simpler for some households.
    • Cons: ongoing monthly sewer charges; possible connection or hookup fees; potential for sewer backups in extreme weather or system issues.

Costs and ongoing considerations

  • Septic system (typical for Ellsworth County homes)
    • Installation: often ranges from about $5,000 to $15,000 or more, depending on soil, tank size, access for installation, and local permit fees.
    • Ongoing: pumping every 3–5 years (more often with heavy use or small tanks); electricity for pumping or aeration if you have advanced systems.
  • Municipal sewer
    • Ongoing: monthly sewer charges based on usage; occasional connection fees if you're linking a new home or expanding service.
    • Repairs: you're generally not responsible for drainfield or septic tank repairs, but you may see property assessments or rate changes from the utility.

Maintenance snapshot for Ellsworth County homeowners

  • Water usage matters: spread out loads, fix leaks, and consider low-flow fixtures to reduce duty on the septic system.
  • Be careful what you flush and drain: only toilet paper and human waste in the toilet; use septic-safe cleaners sparingly; avoid solvents, paints, oils, and thick pastes going into drains.
  • Drainfield protection: keep heavy equipment, vehicles, and deep-rooted plants off the drainfield area; plant shallow-rooted, non-invasive vegetation if you're landscaping nearby.
  • Regular inspections: have a licensed professional inspect the system and inspect for standing water, gurgling sounds, or odors near the tank or drainfield.
  • Pumping schedule: plan pumping every 3–5 years (adjust for tank size and household water use); keep records of dates, tank size, and pumped volumes.

Step-by-step guide for homebuyers or new septic owners

  1. Locate and document the system: obtain as-built drawings, tank location, size, and drainfield boundaries.
  2. Get a professional inspection: hire a licensed septic inspector to assess tank condition, baffles, lids, and the drainfield.
  3. Plan pumping if needed: if the system hasn't been pumped recently, schedule a pumping and inspection at the same time.
  4. Establish a maintenance calendar: set reminders for pumping, inspections, and seasonal checks; keep a written plan.
  5. Learn local rules: check with your county or local authority for setback requirements, seasonal restrictions, and any permit history tied to the system.

Resources