Septic in Stephens, AR

Stephens is the kind of small-town place where a friendly wave comes with every yard, and most homes here run on private septic systems rather than a city sewer line. Is septic common in Stephens? Yes—out here, most residential properties rely on an on-site septic system rather than connecting to a centralized sewer main. If you own or are buying a home in Stephens, you should indeed expect a septic system to be part of the basic setup, and you'll want to confirm its condition, age, and past maintenance as part of your planning.

Should I expect septic if I own or buy a home here? In Stephens, yes. If you're buying, ask for the septic records, the last pumping date, and a sound, professional evaluation. Knowing the tank size, the drain field layout, and any history of backups or repairs can save you headaches later. A pre-purchase septic inspection is a smart step, and routine maintenance—pumping at recommended intervals and keeping the system protected from heavy loads or planting over the drain field—helps keep the system working reliably for years.

Why homes typically use septic systems in Stephens

• Rural layout and sewer access: Many Stephens neighborhoods aren't tied into a city sewer system. On-site septic offers a practical, cost-effective solution for individual lots spread around the countryside.
• Soil and drainage considerations: Septic systems perform best when the soil can absorb and treat effluent properly. Local soil conditions, when matched with proper design and installation, make on-site systems a sensible choice for drainage and groundwater protection.
• Private wells and water safety: With private wells common in the area, on-site septic systems are a compatible, decentralized approach that keeps household wastewater separate from drinking water sources when properly installed and maintained.
• Long-term cost and ownership: While septic systems require regular pumping and occasional maintenance, they can be more economical than extending sewer service to rural properties, especially on larger lots.
• Local regulations and practical design: County health and state guidelines shape how systems are designed, installed, and tested, ensuring safety and longevity when a qualified contractor handles the work.

High-level explanation (why septic exists here)

Stephens grew as a community where centralized sewer lines didn't always reach every street or parcel. The combination of dispersed lots, local soils, and a reliance on well water created a natural fit for on-site wastewater treatment. A well-designed septic system decouples each home's wastewater from the others, using a tank to separate solids and a drain field to disperse liquids into the soil. When properly planned, installed, and maintained, it's a simple, effective way to protect homes, yards, and groundwater alike.

As you explore, you'll find practical guidance on choosing, inspecting, and caring for your Stephens septic system.

Where Septic Systems Are Common in Stephens

Where septic is most common

In Stephens, and throughout many rural parts of Arkansas, private septic systems are the standard for single‑family homes outside city sewer districts. The pattern here tends to be:

• Rural homes on half‑ to several‑acre lots
• Farms and small acreages with residential housing
• Older neighborhoods that predate municipal sewer expansion

This prevalence reflects practical realities: extending sewer lines to scattered homes can be costly and logistically challenging, so many homeowners rely on well‑designed on‑site systems instead.

Why Stephens communities rely on septic

• Limited or uneven sewer service outside town centers means septic is often the practical option.
• Building and maintaining a private septic system can be more affordable for homeowners compared with extending municipal sewer service.
• Soils in Stephens generally can support on‑site treatment when properly planned, installed, and maintained. Good drainage and adequate separation from wells and water features are key factors.

Typical system designs you'll see in Stephens

• Conventional gravity systems: a buried septic tank connected to a drainfield that relies on soil to absorb and treat effluent.
• Alternative designs for tricky soils: mound systems or bed systems when the water table is high or soils are shallow or poorly draining.
• Smaller or older lots: sometimes have compact drainfields or limited space, which a licensed septic professional can evaluate for possible improvements or replacement.
• In flood-prone or near water areas: designs that account for seasonal water table and local setbacks to protect wells, streams, and property lines.

How to locate and assess a septic on your Stephens property

• Start with records: check property deeds, plats, and any city or county records for the septic location and size.
• Look for concrete or fiberglass tank lids and a visibly lighter or disturbed area indicating a drainfield.
• If you're planning a build, remodel, or system upgrade, hire a licensed septic professional to perform a site evaluation, percolation tests if needed, and a drainfield design that suits Stephens soils.
• Regular maintenance matters: schedule pumping and inspection per local guidance to prevent failures and costly repairs.

Quick, practical 5-step check for Stephens homes

1. Confirm sewer service status with the city or county. 2) Locate the septic tank and drainfield using records and site clues. 3) Have a licensed pro assess soil percolation and system condition. 4) Monitor for signs of failure, such as damp ground, gurgling plumbing, or odors. 5) Maintain the system with routine pumping and inspections according to local recommendations.

Helpful official resources

• Arkansas Department of Health – Onsite Wastewater (septic) guidance: https://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/topics/onsite-wastewater
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Septic systems overview: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Septic vs Sewer: What Homeowners in Stephens Should Know

Septic system basics

• A typical septic system has two main parts: a tank and a drain field. Wastewater from your home flows into the tank, where solids settle and grease rises, then liquid effluent moves to the drain field for natural filtration.
• Regular pumping is key. Most households pump every 3–5 years, depending on tank size, household size, and water use. If you notice gurgling drains, damp spots in the yard, or slow draining, get an inspection.
• Do it right. Only human waste and toilet paper should go into the system. Avoid flushing wipes (even "flushable" ones), cooking fats, oils, grease, chemicals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. These items can clog or kill beneficial bacteria in the tank.

Municipal sewer basics

• In a municipal sewer system, wastewater is collected through underground pipes and sent to a centralized treatment plant. Homeowners typically pay a monthly sewer bill as part of utility services.
• With sewer, you don't own or pump a tank, but you do rely on the city or district to maintain the network and treatment process. Routine maintenance on your end focuses on drainage within the home and property, not an on-site tank.
• Downstream care matters. Pumping contaminants into the system (grease, solvents, chemicals) can stress the plant and increase operating costs for everyone served by the system.

Which option you have in Stephens

• Your property may be on private septic or connected to a municipal sewer, depending on location and utility arrangements. Check your most recent utility bill or property records to confirm.
• If you're unsure, contact your local utility provider or the county/state health department to verify whether your home uses septic or sewer and to learn about any local rules, permits, or inspections required.

Key maintenance and cost differences

• Upfront costs: Hooking a home to sewer can involve connection fees, meter installation, and possible yard restoration. A septic system requires tank installation or replacement, plus field zoning considerations.
• Ongoing costs: Septic systems require periodic pumping, inspection, and occasional repairs to the tank and drain field. Sewer users pay ongoing monthly charges for treatment and service, which cover system-wide maintenance.
• Environmental impact: A failing septic system can contaminate groundwater and nearby watercourses. Proper maintenance protects soil health, groundwater, and neighbors' wells. Sewer systems reduce on-site risks but concentrate them at the treatment plant and conveyance network.

Quick-start steps for Stephens homeowners

1. Confirm your service type (septic vs sewer) by checking your bill, property records, or contacting the local utility.
2. If you have septic, schedule an inspection and pumping based on tank size and usage.
3. Locate the septic tank access and the drain field area; map electrical and plumbing lines to avoid damaging them during yard work.
4. Establish a maintenance calendar: pump every 3–5 years, schedule annual inspections, and avoid introducing harmful substances.
5. Develop a simple plan to manage water use: spread out high-water activities, fix leaks promptly, and use water-efficient fixtures.

Official resources

• EPA: Septic systems — general guidance, maintenance, and troubleshooting:

Typical Septic System Types in Stephens

Conventional gravity septic systems

A conventional gravity system relies on natural soil processes to treat wastewater as it moves from the home to a buried drain field.

• When it works best: soil with good percolation and a sufficient depth to groundwater or bedrock.
• Pros: Simple design, lower upfront cost, easy to maintain if soils are suitable.
• Cons: Not suitable for compacted clay, high-water tables, or very shallow soils; drain-field space can be large.
• Maintenance notes: Regular pumping (typically every 3–5 years, depending on usage) and periodic inspections.

Pressure-dosed / Low-Pressure Dosed (LPD) systems

LPD systems distribute effluent evenly to several laterals, even in sloped or uneven soils.

• When it works: Soils with variable infiltration or small lots where even distribution matters.
• Pros: More uniform field absorption; better performance on challenging terrains.
• Cons: Higher initial cost and more equipment to maintain.
• Maintenance notes: Ensure alarms and dosing equipment are serviced annually; keep access points clear.

Chamber systems

Chamber systems replace gravel and pipe drain fields with modular plastic chambers.

• When it fits: Narrow or constrained lots, or when excavation needs are minimized.
• Pros: Faster installation, often less backfill weight, good support for liner and trench integrity.
• Cons: Typically higher upfront cost than conventional gravity.
• Maintenance notes: Routine inspections of chambers and distribution lines; pump only as needed.

Mound systems

Mounds are raised drain fields built above the native soil when soils are too shallow, too wet, or too permeable to support a conventional field.

• When it's used: Shallow depths to seasonal high water, compacted surface soils, or poor natural drainage.
• Pros: Can enable disposal where conventional systems won't work.
• Cons: More complex design and higher maintenance needs; larger footprint.
• Maintenance notes: Regular professional inspections; ensure surface vegetation is maintained to protect the mound.

Sand filter systems

Wastewater first receives primary treatment, then passes through a sand filter before final discharge.

• When it helps: Soils with limited natural treatment capacity or where extra polishing is desired.
• Pros: Enhanced effluent quality; can extend life of a drain field.
• Cons: More components to maintain; higher cost.
• Maintenance notes: Sand filter media should be inspected and replaced as specified by the installer; keep system access clear.

Aerobic Treatment Units (ATU)

ATUs treat wastewater using controlled aerobic processes, often followed by discharge to a spray or drip irrigation field.

• When to consider: Properties with poor soils, high effluent strength, or limited drain-field space.
• Pros: Higher level of treatment, can allow use of smaller or differently designed fields.
• Cons: Requires electricity and regular professional servicing; more moving parts.
• Maintenance notes: Annual service by a licensed operator; monitor for alarms and ensure proper chlorine or disinfection if required.

Drip irrigation and evapotranspiration (ET) beds

These systems reuse treated effluent for landscape irrigation or rely on plant evapotranspiration to remove water.

• When it's appropriate: Homes with designed landscape irrigation plans and suitable soils.
• Pros: Efficient water use; can extend life of the drainage field.
• Cons: Not all soils or climates are suitable; requires professional design and ongoing maintenance.
• Maintenance notes: Regular evaluation of emitters or irrigation schedules; avoid overwatering and keep filters clean.

Holding tanks and cesspools

Less common for new homes in Stephens, but sometimes used for emergency or restrictive sites.

• Pros: Simple concept; no drain field needed.
• Cons: Requires frequent pumping; potential odor and safety concerns.
• Maintenance notes: Strict pumping schedules and odor monitoring; adhere to local permit rules.

Community or shared systems

Some rural developments use shared onsite wastewater systems.

• Pros: Shared maintenance can lower costs per homeowner; centralized monitoring.
• Cons: Coordination and approval processes; potential single-point failures.
• Maintenance notes: Follow the managing entity's inspection and pumping schedule; ensure access for service.

Choosing the right system depends on soil, site constraints, and regulatory requirements. Steps to start:

1. Check soil percolation and depth to groundwater with a local county extension or a licensed septic designer.
2. Review Stephens/Union County permit standards and ADH guidelines.
3. Get a site evaluation and a design proposal from a licensed septic designer.
4. Compare long-term maintenance and energy needs of ATUs or drip systems against conventional options.
5. Obtain multiple cost estimates and check warranty/service terms.

Official resources:

• Arkansas Department of Health — Septic Tank Systems:
• EPA — Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Common Septic Issues in Stephens

Slow drains and backups

• What happens: Toilets gurgle, sinks drain slowly, and showers back up during wet periods.
• Why Stephens-specific: Clay soils with low permeability and a tendency toward higher seasonal groundwater can saturate the drainfield, making it harder for effluent to infiltrate. Older homes in Stephens neighborhoods may have tanks and pipes that are near the end of their useful life, increasing backup risk.
• Practical steps:
  • Use water more efficiently (shorter showers, synchronized laundry, low-flow fixtures).
  • Avoid flushing non-biodegradable items and grease down drains; dispose of wipes and feminine products in the trash, not the toilet.
  • If backups occur, limit water use and contact a licensed septic contractor for inspection and pumping if needed.
• When to seek help: backups that persist after reducing usage or gurgling sounds from pipes.

Leach field failure

• What happens: Pooling water, strong septic odors in the yard, lush but unhealthy grass over the drainfield, or effluent surfacing.
• Why Stephens-specific: Soils in parts of Stephens may be compacted or have a perched water table during wet seasons, reducing the drainfield's ability to absorb effluent. Older systems may have leach fields that have degraded due to age or improper sizing for the home.
• Practical steps:
  • Get a professional septic inspection to confirm field condition.
  • Pump the tank if solids are high, then assess drainfield load.
  • Consider remediation options such as repairing or replacing the leach field, or installing an alternative system (e.g., mound or sand-based field) if soil conditions demand it.
• When to seek help: foul odors near the drainfield, standing wastewater above or around the field, or repeated total-system alarms.

Tree roots and landscaping impact

• What happens: Roots invade pipes and drainfields, causing clogs and uneven infiltration.
• Why Stephens-specific: Trees and shrubs planted near property lines or over or near the drainfield are common in Stephens yards, where roots naturally seek moisture and nutrients.
• Practical steps:
  • Keep landscaping at a safe distance from the drainfield; install root barriers where feasible.
  • Schedule regular inspections to detect root intrusion early.
  • If intrusion is found, a licensed septic contractor may need to clear roots and repair damaged pipes.
• When to seek help: sudden backups after nearby landscaping work or visible cracks in the tank or piping.

Flooding and groundwater interference

• What happens: Surface flooding or saturated soil around the field, or effluent surfacing after heavy rain.
• Why Stephens-specific: Periodic heavy rainfall and local drainage patterns can flood the drainfield area, compromising absorption and causing system failures.
• Practical steps:
  • Avoid driving or placing heavy loads on the drainfield; keep away from standing water in the yard.
  • Ensure surface drainage diverts away from the septic system; maintain proper grading.
  • Have a pro evaluate and, if needed, adjust the system design or replace with a more flood-tolerant solution.
• When to seek help: effluent surfacing or unusual odors after rain events.

System age and maintenance gaps

• What happens: Tank or components corrode, baffles fail, and pumps or alarms stop working.
• Why Stephens-specific: Many Stephens homes are older, with tanks that may have outlived their expected life span and may not have had regular, documented maintenance.
• Practical steps:
  • Schedule periodic professional inspections (at least every 3–5 years for pumping, more often for systems with aerobic components).
  • Maintain a maintenance log, including pump dates, pumping frequency, and repairs.
  • Plan ahead for potential replacement costs and system upgrades as needed.
• When to seek help: frequent odors, wet areas in the yard, or repeated pump or alarm activation.

Proactive maintenance plan for Stephens homeowners (numbers for quick reference)

1. Schedule professional pumping and inspection every 3–5 years (adjust based on usage and tank size).
2. Install and maintain water-saving fixtures; stagger laundry and dishwasher cycles.
3. Keep vehicles and heavy equipment off the drainfield; divert surface water away from the area.
4. Plant thoughtfully; avoid roots too close to tanks and pipes.
5. Document repairs and keep a dated maintenance log; consult a licensed septic contractor for any anomalies.

Official resources

• EPA: Septic systems and homeowners guide —

Septic Inspection, Permits & Local Oversight

Who oversees septic in Stephens, AR

• Local oversight for on-site wastewater systems is handled by the Ouachita County Health Unit under the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH). They issue permits, review septic plans, and perform field inspections for residential systems.
• Your county health office is the first stop for permits, required plans, and any system-related questions. They coordinate with the state program to ensure adherence to local soil, setback, and design standards.

When you need a permit or inspection

• New on-site systems (installation from scratch)
• Replacements or major repairs (tank, baffles, pump chamber, or drain field changes)
• System upgrades or changes in use (adding a bathroom, finishing a basement, or converting to a higher wastewater load)
• Property transfers that require record-keeping or system verification

How the inspection process works (step-by-step)

1. Schedule with the local health department
   • Call the Ouachita County Health Unit to set up a pre-design consultation if needed.
2. Prepare for the site visit
   • Have property maps, proposed system layout, and any existing as-built drawings ready.
3. Day of inspection: what's checked
   • Soil suitability and absorption area
   • Septic tank condition, baffles, and pump chamber if present
   • Drain-field integrity, setbacks, and obstructions
   • Access, exterior features, and maintenance access
4. After the inspection
   • You'll receive a report with findings and any required corrective actions.
   • If approved, permits/records are issued or updated; if not, a remediation plan is outlined.
5. Post-inspection follow-up
   • Submit any required as-built drawings or modification approvals.
   • Schedule a final inspection if minor adjustments were made.

Plan review and design requirements

• New installations require a design plan reviewed by the county health unit.
• Plans typically include site evaluation, percolation/soil assessment, tank sizing, drain-field layout, and setbacks from wells, streams, and property lines.
• Often, a licensed septic designer or engineer must prepare the plan. The health unit will confirm the design meets Arkansas minimum standards.

Fees, timelines & how long approvals take

• Fees vary by project type (permit issuance, plan review, inspection). Your local health unit can provide the current schedule.
• Timelines depend on weather, soil conditions, and the completeness of submitted plans. Typical preliminary reviews take a few weeks; final approvals follow once all conditions are satisfied.
• If plans require revisions, response times for resubmission apply.

What to bring and what to have on hand

• Property deed or parcel number, and proof of ownership
• Site map or survey showing septic location, leach field, and well placement (if applicable)
• Any existing permits or maintenance records for current systems
• Licensed professional details if using an on-site designer or installer

Common pitfalls to avoid

• Starting any excavation or construction before obtaining a permit
• Submitting incomplete plans or missing soil evaluations
• Ignoring local setbacks and zoning restrictions
• Failing to provide as-built records after installation

Helpful official resources

• Arkansas Department of Health – On-Site Wastewater program: overview of standards, definitions, and state requirements.
• U.S. EPA – Septic systems: general guidance, maintenance tips, and troubleshooting.

Quick reference: steps you can take now

1. Call the Ouachita County Health Unit to confirm permit needs for your project.
2. Gather site plans, ownership proof, and any existing system info.
3. Schedule and complete the required soil evaluation and design review if you're planning a new or modified system.
4. Keep a copy of all reports, approvals, and as-built drawings for future maintenance or sale.

Septic Maintenance for Homes in Stephens

Stephens-specific soil and water considerations

Stephens sits in a region where soils are often clay-heavy and infiltrate slowly, and spring rains can raise the groundwater level. These conditions mean your drainfield may stay saturated longer after rain events, increasing the risk of backups if the system isn't sized and maintained properly. Plan for a conservative, well-tanged maintenance routine that accounts for high seasonal moisture and potential soil saturation.

Regular maintenance plan

• Schedule annual professional inspections of the entire system, including tank condition, baffles, and any effluent filters.
• Pumping frequency:
  • Typical 1,000–1,500-gallon tanks with 3–4 bedrooms and moderate usage: every 3–5 years.
  • If you have many occupants, a garbage disposal, or heavy water use, plan for closer to every 2–3 years.
  • If the drainfield shows signs of distress (see below), pump sooner and have the field evaluated.
• Keep a simple maintenance log:
  • Pump dates, tank sizes, and any repairs.
  • Notes on drainage performance after heavy rains.
• Use septic-safe products and household cleaners; avoid anything that can disrupt beneficial bacteria in the tank.
• Minimize solids entering the tank:
  • Use the garbage disposal sparingly.
  • Recycle or compost food scraps rather than flushing them.

Protecting the drainfield in Stephens

• Avoid heavy traffic or construction over the drainfield. Even a small platform or vehicle tires can compact soil and reduce infiltration.
• Plant only shallow-rooted vegetation on and near the drainfield; keep tree roots away from the lines.
• Direct roof drainage and sump pump discharges away from the drainfield; never discharge untreated water onto the field.
• Maintain a buffer of at least a few feet of undisturbed soil around access lids and the distribution area to prevent disturbance during yard work.
• In Stephens' clay-rich soils and seasonal wet periods, consider a professionally engineered solution (like a drainfield expansion or a mound system) if the soil percolation rate is poor or the water table stays high. Local health authorities can guide these options.

How to respond to common warning signs

• Surface wet spots, lush vegetation, or a strong sewage odor near the drainfield mean trouble.
• Slow drains, frequent backups, or gurgling sounds in plumbing indicate partial system distress.
• After heavy rains, look for damp, soggy areas in the yard—these can signal an overloaded or failing drainfield.
• If you notice any of these, follow these steps:
  1. Limit water use (avoid long showers, laundry, and dishwasher runs).
  2. Call a licensed septic contractor in Stephens to inspect and, if needed, pump the tank.
  3. Do not attempt DIY tank openings or chemical treatments that claim to "fix" septic problems.

Seasonal maintenance tips for Stephens homeowners

• Spring: After a wet winter, have the system checked for saturation issues and verify the drainfield is draining properly.
• Summer: Monitor irrigation; large outdoor watering can increase water in the system—spread out outdoor watering and fix leaks.
• Fall: Prepare for colder months; ensure access lids are accessible and not buried by leaves or soil buildup.

Steps to determine pumping and maintenance

1. Identify your tank size and layout (label on the tank or building plans).
2. Assess household size and typical daily wastewater flow.
3. Schedule an annual inspection; set pumping interval based on tank size and usage.
4. Establish a maintenance log and review it with your contractor at each visit.

Local and official resources

• Arkansas Department of Health septic program:
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency septic page: https://www.epa.gov/septic
• NRCS Web Soil Survey for Stephens soil data: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/

Cost Expectations for Septic Services in Stephens

Septic Tank Pumping

• What it includes:
  • Removal of liquid waste and solids from the tank
  • Visual check of baffles and inlet/outlet pipes
  • Basic inspection of tank condition and sludge layer depth
  • Disposal coordination and safety practices
• Stephens specifics:
  • In Stephens, clay soils and seasonal moisture can push solids toward the drain field; regular pumping helps prevent field overload.
  • Access to disposal sites and hauling requirements can influence costs for rural properties.
• Typical cost in Stephens:
  • 1,000–1,500 gallon tank: $200–$350
  • Larger or tandem systems: $350–$600

Septic System Inspection

• What it includes:
  • Visual inspection of lids, manholes, and surface indicators
  • Check for leaks, odors, dampness, and pump/alarm operation if present
  • Written report of findings and recommendations
• Stephens specifics:
  • Older Stephens homes often have covers that are harder to access; some inspections require minor digging or lid removal, adding time and cost
  • Purchasers in Stephens commonly require a thorough field assessment to avoid future surprises
• Typical cost in Stephens:
  • $100–$250

Perc Test / Drain Field Evaluation

• What it includes:
  • Soil percolation test to determine absorption rate
  • Evaluation of drain field viability and potential failures
  • Recommendations for system type or capacity
• Stephens specifics:
  • Local soils can vary; some lots may require alternative designs (such as raised beds or mound systems), which changes both scope and price
• Typical cost in Stephens:
  • Perc test: $200–$450
  • Full drain field evaluation: $300–$800

New Septic System Installation

• What it includes:
  • Site evaluation, system design by a licensed designer
  • Permitting with the state, followed by tank installation, distribution box, laterals, and fieldwork
  • Start-up testing and final adjustments
• Stephens specifics:
  • Permitting and design requirements with the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) influence timelines and costs
  • Some Stephens sites require mound or elevated systems due to soil and water table conditions
• Steps to prepare for installation:
  1. Confirm permits and licensed designers
  2. Complete site evaluation and soil tests
  3. Finalize system design and schedule
  4. Arrange access and any water removal needs
• Typical cost in Stephens:
  • Standard residential systems: $8,000–$20,000
  • Complex or mound systems: $20,000–$40,000

Drain Field Repair / Replacement

• What it includes:
  • Diagnostics to locate leaks or failures in trenches or laterals
  • Replacement of failed lines or trench sections
  • Replacement of drainage media and soil restoration
• Stephens specifics:
  • Clay soils and higher moisture zones in Stephens can contribute to faster drain-field wear; proper grading and reinforcement help reduce future issues
• Typical cost in Stephens:
  • Repair: $2,000–$10,000
  • Full replacement: $8,000–$20,000

Septic Tank Replacement

• What it includes:
  • Removal of the old tank and installation of a new one
  • Connection to existing lines and field, with testing and inspections
  • Compliance with permit requirements
• Stephens specifics:
  • Older Stephens homes may need adapted access or configurations to fit a new tank with existing plumbing
• Typical cost in Stephens:
  • Tank replacement (tank only): $3,000–$6,000
  • Full system replacement: $10,000–$25,000

Official resources:

• EPA Septic Systems: