Septic in Mayflower, AR

Last updated: Mar 21, 2026

Mayflower, Arkansas has that small-town feel where yards are generous and a well-tended home means one less worry. In this area, many households rely on on-site wastewater systems, and that's by design: a septic system is a practical, affordable way to manage household waste right where you live.

Is septic common in Mayflower? Should I expect septic if I own or buy a home?

Yes. A large share of Mayflower homes operate on septic systems, especially those outside the town sewer lines or built before newer sewer expansions reached the area. If you're buying a home here, chances are you'll encounter a septic system rather than a city sewer hookup. A recent septic inspection is a smart step in your due diligence, and it's worth budgeting for maintenance or a possible future replacement as part of your home ownership plan.

Why homes typically use septic systems in Mayflower

In Mayflower, the mix of lot sizes, soil types, and development patterns makes on-site wastewater treatment a sensible standard. Extending centralized sewer lines across rural or semi-rural plots can be expensive and disruptive, so many neighborhoods rely on well-designed septic systems to handle household waste efficiently. The local soils—often clay-heavy with varying drainage—also lend themselves to on-site treatment when the system is properly installed and cared for. Put simply, septic systems are a practical fit for the way homes were built and dated here, and they continue to be a reliable option for new construction in suitable plots.

High-level explanation (why septic exists here)

A septic system acts as a compact, on-property treatment plant. Waste exits the home into a subterranean tank where solids settle and bacteria start breaking down the rest. Liquid is then dispersed through a drain field where it percolates into the soil. In Mayflower, this on-site approach aligns with local lot sizes, soil conditions, and the logistics of providing wastewater services to a spread-out community. Key components to understand are the septic tank, the plumbing connected to the house, and the drain field that distributes treated effluent.

What this means for you, as a neighbor and a homeowner

  • Regular maintenance keeps systems healthy and avoids surprises.
  • Look for signs like slow drains, gurgling sounds, odors, or wet, unusually lush spots in the yard.
  • Plan for pumping roughly every 3–5 years depending on house size, usage, and tank size.
  • When buying, request a recent septic inspection and a copy of the system's service history.

A practical, neighborly note: you're not navigating this alone—these guidelines come from years of work right here in Mayflower, helping families keep their septic systems reliable and trouble-free.

Where Septic Systems Are Common in Mayflower

Map of septic coverage in Mayflower, AR

Typical neighborhoods where septic is common

  • Rural and large-lot areas outside the municipal sewer corridor. In Mayflower, many homes sit on 0.5 to 2+ acre lots or more, which makes on-site septic a practical option.
  • Subdivisions on the outskirts or outside the city limits where sewer service hasn't extended yet. These layouts often rely on individual septic systems rather than centralized treatment.

Site and soil factors that influence septic suitability in Mayflower

  • Soil texture: Well-drained soils such as sandy loam or loamy sand promote good effluent absorption and microbial treatment.
  • Groundwater and bedrock: A moderate depth to groundwater or bedrock helps reduce the risk of surface ripples or system backups; very shallow groundwater or high water tables can require alternative designs.
  • Slope and drainage: Gentle to moderate slopes with good drainage support safe effluent dispersion; steep slopes or compacted layers need careful system placement and design.
  • Soil limitations: Heavy clays, high water tables, or shallow rock may necessitate mound systems, raised drains, or other specialized solutions.

Why Mayflower has widespread septic use

  • Infrastructure reach: Central sewer lines don't always serve every parcel, especially outside the core town area, making on-site treatment the practical option.
  • Cost and logistics: Extending municipal sewer to every rural or suburban lot is costly; on-site systems offer a cost-effective, practical alternative for many homeowners.
  • Land availability: Larger lots common around Mayflower provide the space needed for conventional septic tanks and drainfields, aligning with local development patterns.

How to assess your property in Mayflower

  1. Confirm sewer availability for your street or lot with local authorities (city or county health unit). If sewer isn't available, expect on-site septic to be a common requirement for home construction or purchase.
  2. Get a soils analysis and perc test for new septic design. The results determine system type (conventional drainfield, mound, or alternative design) and sizing.
  3. Hire a licensed septic designer/install contractor. They should obtain the necessary permits and provide a plan that meets Arkansas regulations.
  4. Plan for maintenance: regular pumping every 3–5 years, annual inspections, and protective landscaping to keep drainfields clear of roots and heavy equipment.
  5. Practice water-conscious living: spreading out water use, fixing leaks, and avoiding flushing fats, oils, and non-biodegradable products helps extend system life and performance.

Practical maintenance tips for Mayflower homeowners

  • Keep a setback-friendly zone around the drainfield free of structures and heavy equipment.
  • Don't drive or park on the drainfield; protect it from soil compaction.
  • Use low-flow fixtures and evenly distribute laundry loads to minimize overload.
  • Schedule professional inspections after severe weather or any signs of system trouble (gurgling sounds, slow drains, or sewage smells).

Official resources for Mayflower septic information

Septic vs Sewer: What Homeowners in Mayflower Should Know

How a municipal sewer connection works

  • If your property is connected to a city or county sewer system, wastewater travels through a network of underground pipes to a central treatment plant.
  • The utility typically handles all maintenance of mains, pumping stations, and short-term repairs.
  • You'll usually see a monthly sewer bill in addition to your water bill; the amount varies by utility and usage.

How a septic system works in Mayflower

  • On properties that rely on onsite wastewater treatment, a septic system usually comprises a buried septic tank and a drain field.
  • Solids stay in the tank while liquids drain into the soil where natural processes treat them.
  • Regular pumping is essential—most households plan a pump-out every 3–5 years, but the interval can be shorter with high water use or a large family.
  • Avoid flushing non-biodegradable items, harsh chemicals, or grease down drains to protect the system.

Pros and cons at a glance

  • Septic system
    • Pros: Lower ongoing utility costs; on-site management and independence from a sewer main.
    • Cons: Requires routine maintenance and potential major repairs if neglected.
  • Sewer connection
    • Pros: No on-site tank to pump or monitor; municipal standards and oversight.
    • Cons: Ongoing monthly bills that can rise; service outages or mainline issues can affect multiple homes.

Costs and maintenance you should plan for

  • Septic pumping and inspection: typically a few hundred dollars per service, plus occasional inspections by a septic professional.
  • Drain field repairs or replacement: often in the thousands to tens of thousands of dollars, depending on size and soil conditions.
  • Sewer connection costs (if available in your area): may include tapping fees, meter installation, and possible trenching or street work; costs vary widely.
  • Ongoing maintenance: routine use of septic-safe products, water-saving fixtures, and protecting the drain field from heavy equipment or irrigation overrun.

Maintenance steps you can take now

  • Schedule a professional septic inspection if you're buying a home or if your system hasn't been checked in several years.
  • Pump before you reach critical solids buildup (consult your septic pro for the right interval).
  • Use water-efficient appliances and spread out heavy water use (dishwashers, laundry) to reduce tank loading.
  • Keep chemicals, solvents, drive-thru grease, and oil away from drains.
  • Plant only shallow-rooted vegetation over the drain field and keep vehicles off the drain field area.

When to consider switching from septic to sewer

  • If you're in a growth zone where sewer lines are being extended, confirm service availability with your utility.
  • Obtain a formal connection estimate that includes tapping fees, permit requirements, and any trenching or street work.
  • Plan for potential temporary disruption during line installation and system abandonment or conversion steps.

Arkansas-specific considerations

  • In Arkansas, onsite wastewater systems are regulated to protect public health and groundwater. Permits, design approvals, and inspections are typically required for new septic systems and substantial repairs.
  • Work with licensed contractors and follow state guidance from the Arkansas Department of Health for onsite wastewater treatment systems.

Resources

  • EPA: Septic Systems – www.epa.gov/septic
  • Arkansas Department of Health – Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems:
  • Arkansas 211 (information and referrals): https://www.211.org
  • For local service area questions and sewer availability in Mayflower, contact your utility or the Faulkner County health/water office for official guidance.

Typical Septic System Types in Mayflower

Conventional gravity septic systems

  • How it works: A septic tank settles solids, and effluent flows by gravity into a buried drainfield of perforated pipes set in gravel-filled trenches.
  • When they fit: Most homes on average soils with adequate depth to groundwater and sufficient percolation.
  • Pros: Simple design, relatively low cost, widely installed; straightforward maintenance.
  • Cons: Drainfield failure can occur if soils are too shallow, wet, or slowly permeable; poor maintenance reduces efficiency.

Pressure-distribution (dose) systems

  • How it works: A pump (or siphon) periodically pushes effluent into multiple portions of the drainfield to avoid overloading any one area.
  • When they fit: Sloped lots, long drainfields, or soils with uneven percolation; helps get uniform absorption.
  • Pros: More even distribution, can extend life of a marginal septic site.
  • Cons: More components and electrical demand; higher upfront and maintenance costs.

Mound systems

  • How they work: An elevated sandy "mound" sits above the native soil, with a special dosing system delivering effluent to buried distribution lines in the mound.
  • When they fit: Shallow soil, high seasonal water tables, bedrock close to the surface, or very slow-permeability soils.
  • Pros: Improves treatment and drainage when ground conditions are poor.
  • Cons: Higher construction cost, larger footprint, more complex maintenance.

Sand filter and aerobic treatment options (ATU)

  • How they work: After an ATU treats wastewater to a higher level, effluent is dispersed to a drainfield or sand-filter bed for polishing before final disposal.
  • When they fit: Properties near challenging soils, or where higher effluent quality is desired; often used on tighter lots where space is a concern.
  • Pros: Better effluent quality and system resilience in tough soils.
  • Cons: Greater energy use and ongoing maintenance; may require more frequent pumping.

Chamber systems and drip irrigation

  • How they work: Plastic soil-absorption chambers replace gravel trenches, or effluent is delivered through drip lines into the root zone.
  • When they fit: Lots with limited space or where trenching is difficult; drip systems may be used for specialized landscapes or limited drainfield area.
  • Pros: Flexible installation, often faster installation; efficient water use with drip setups.
  • Cons: Not all neighborhoods permit drip or chamber designs; require specialized design and professional installation.

Evapotranspiration (ET) beds (less common in Arkansas)

  • How they work: Water is removed primarily through plant evapotranspiration and soil evaporation.
  • When they fit: Really hot, dry climates with appropriate plant cover; not typical in Mayflower's climate.
  • Pros: Minimal lateral drainfield footprint in suitable settings.
  • Cons: Very site-specific; not widely used in Faulkner County.

Regulatory and design note

  • Local permitting and design rules strongly influence which system types are allowed in Mayflower and Faulkner County. Always verify with the Arkansas Department of Health and your county health unit before deciding on a system type.
  • Official resources:
    • Arkansas Department of Health On-site Wastewater Program:
    • EPA Septic Systems:

Choosing the right system for Mayflower

  1. Start with a soil/site evaluation to determine percolation, depth to groundwater, and bedrock depth.
  2. Check lot constraints (slope, flood-prone areas, and drainage) and how much space you have for a drainfield.
  3. Consult the local health authority and a licensed septic designer for code-compliant options.
  4. Compare upfront cost, ongoing maintenance, and lifetime performance of conventional, mound, ATU, or chamber/drip options.
  5. Establish a maintenance plan with regular pumping and inspections to maximize system life.

Common Septic Issues in Mayflower

Drainfield saturation and hydraulic overload

A common Mayflower-specific issue is drainfield saturation from heavy spring rains and a relatively high water table combined with clay soils that don't drain quickly. When the soil can't absorb wastewater, effluent backs up to the tank or surfaces above ground, causing odors and soggy patches.

  • Signs to look for: pooled water or lush green patches over the leach field, gurgling toilets, slow drains, sewage smells on the property.
  • What you can do:
    1. Conserve water: spread out loads of laundry, take shorter showers, and pause irrigation during wet periods.
    2. Schedule a professional inspection if you notice signs; a pump-out alone may not fix a saturated system.
    3. If the field is consistently saturated, a licensed septic contractor may recommend soil remediation, a new drainfield design, or an alternative system (such as a mound or engineered field) with proper permitting.
    4. Work with local health authorities to determine the best long-term approach for your property.
  • Resources:

Solid waste buildup and grease

Excess solids and grease can overwhelm the tank, speeding up sludge accumulation and reducing the tank's efficiency. This is especially problematic in older Mayflower homes with smaller tanks or limited maintenance histories.

Odors, surfacing effluent, and backups

Smells or wastewater surfacing in the yard often indicate the system is struggling under Mayflower's climate and soil conditions.

  • Immediate steps:
    1. Stop using water-intensive fixtures temporarily and avoid driving heavy loads onto the system.
    2. Call a licensed septic pro to evaluate tank levels, baffles, and drainfield health.
    3. Do not attempt DIY repairs; improper fixes can cause more damage.
  • Follow-up: after evaluation, adjust usage patterns and repair the drainfield as recommended.
  • Resources: https://www.epa.gov/septic

Maintenance gaps and pumping frequency

Many Mayflower homes aren't pumped on a schedule, which leads to solids buildup and eventual drainfield failure. Frequency depends on tank size, household size, and usage, with Mayflower environments often requiring more proactive maintenance due to soils and rainfall.

Mayflower's location experiences significant rainfall and occasional flooding, which can flood the drainfield and raise groundwater, compounding saturation problems.

  • What to do:
    1. If you live in a flood-prone area, have the system evaluated for siting and consider elevating components or redesigning the field with a professional.
    2. After a flood event, have the system inspected before resuming normal use to catch damage or contamination early.
    3. Maintain a rock-free, well-drained area around the tank and field to support drainage.
  • Resources: https://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/topics/private-sewage-disposal-systems

Official resources

Septic Inspection, Permits & Local Oversight

Do I need a permit before installing or repairing a septic system?

Yes. Most installation, replacement, or substantial repair projects require a permit. Permits help ensure the system is designed and installed to Arkansas standards and local conditions. In Mayflower, AR, the permit process is handled through the local county health unit (Faulkner County) in coordination with the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) On-Site Wastewater Program.

What to expect:

  • A permit covers plan review, site evaluation, and authorization to proceed.
  • You'll usually need a registered septic designer or licensed installer to prepare the system plan.
  • Fees and turnaround times vary by jurisdiction and project size.

What you'll need to apply:

  • A site plan showing property boundaries, structures, wells, drainfield location, setbacks, and any nearby water features.
  • System design details (tank size, drainfield type, soil considerations).
  • Soil/suitability information or perc test results, if required.
  • Property owner contact information and project scope.

Where to apply:

  • Your Faulkner County Health Unit or the ADH On-Site Wastewater program. Official resources:
    • On-Site Wastewater (ADH):
    • County health units directory:

What inspections will I face?

Inspections verify the work matches the permit and is installed per design and code. Typical inspection milestones include:

  • Pre-construction/site evaluation inspection (verify setbacks, soil suitability, and approved plan).
  • During installation inspections (trench or trenchless pipe installation, tank placement, and inlet/outlet configurations).
  • Backfill and cover inspection (proper protection of pipes, compaction guidelines, and cover material).
  • Final inspection (system operation, surface features, and record documentation).
  • Additional follow-ups may be required if you modify the system after inspection.

Expectations:

  • Inspections are usually scheduled with the local health authority or the ADH On-Site Wastewater program.
  • A licensed installer or designer may accompany the inspector and should be prepared to show the permit, plans, and any test results.
  • If amendments are needed, the inspector will outline corrective steps and a re-inspection timeline.

Local oversight in Mayflower, AR

Mayflower sits in Faulkner County, and local oversight typically falls to the Faulkner County Health Unit in coordination with ADH's On-Site Wastewater program. Local rules, setback requirements, and inspection protocols are best confirmed with the county health unit or Mayflower's building department.

  • Check for any city-specific building or zoning rules that affect septic placement.
  • Keep all permit documents, inspection reports, and system diagrams in a safe, accessible place for future property transactions.
  • If you're buying a home, verify that any existing septic has a current permit and recent inspections.

Practical steps for homeowners (to navigate permits and oversight)

  1. Confirm whether you need a permit with Faulkner County Health Unit or the ADH On-Site Wastewater program.
  2. Gather required documents: site plan, design details, soil evaluation results, and owner contact information.
  3. Engage a licensed installer or septic designer familiar with Arkansas requirements.
  4. Submit the permit application and pay any fees; obtain the approved permit before work begins.
  5. Schedule and pass inspections at each milestone (pre-construction, during installation, backfill, final).
  6. Maintain copies of all permits, inspection reports, and system diagrams; update maintenance records as work is completed.

Helpful resources

Septic Maintenance for Homes in Mayflower

Seasonal Maintenance Schedule

Mayflower homeowners should align septic care with the area's wet springs and warm summers. A simple annual rhythm keeps systems running despite heavy rainfall and clay soils common in this region.

  • Spring: After a wet winter, inspect for surface wet spots, gurgling noises, or slow drains. Check that rain gutters and downspouts direct water away from the septic area to avoid saturating the drain field.
  • Summer: Conserve water to reduce load on the system. Run only full loads, fix leaks promptly, and avoid irrigation directly over the leach field.
  • Fall: Schedule a professional inspection or pump-out if it's been several years. Fall is a good time to address any issues before winter ground freezes.
  • Winter: Minimize driving or heavy foot traffic on the area above the tank and drain field. Snow and ice can hide problems, so keep access clear and temps above freezing when possible.

Mayflower-Specific Considerations

Homes in Mayflower sit in a climate with substantial spring rainfall and often clay soils. This combination can slow groundwater drainage and reduce drain-field capacity, especially after heavy downpours. Expect more frequent signs of stress on drain fields during wet seasons, and plan pumping or field evaluation accordingly.

  • High water table and soil saturation: Saturated soils can back up into the house more quickly after rains. If you notice persistent wet patches, slow drains, or sewage odors during wet periods, schedule an evaluation sooner rather than later.
  • Tree roots and landscaping: Roots from nearby trees and shrubs can intrude on laterals. Keep landscaping out of the drain field zone and avoid installing sprinklers or irrigation lines directly above or near the field.
  • Flood risk and drainage: If your property has runoff toward the septic area, redirect flow away from the system. In Mayflower, seasonal flooding or pooling after storms can overwhelm a drain field; enhance drainage around the area with proper grading and stormwater management.
  • Well water and fertilizer considerations: If you have a well, avoid introducing nitrates or contaminants near the septic system and follow local guidelines for safe distances between wells and septic components.

Maintenance Checklist

Use this practical checklist to keep your Mayflower system healthy.

  1. Locate and schedule pumping: Find the septic tank access, identify tank size, and have it pumped every 3-5 years under normal use. With heavy use, disposals, or frequent guests, consider more frequent pumping (every 2-3 years).
  2. Inspect the drain field: After major rains, check for standing water, spongy soil, or lush, unusual plant growth above the field. If you see these signs, contact a pro.
  3. Water-use discipline: Install and maintain low-flow fixtures. Run the dishwasher and washing machine with full loads, and spread out water use to avoid peak loads. Repair leaks promptly.
  4. Preventive care: Do not pour fats, oils, grease, harsh chemicals, paints, or solvents down drains. Use septic-safe products and avoid chemical drain cleaners that can harm beneficial bacteria.
  5. Protect the area: Keep vehicles, heavy equipment, and construction activities off the drain field. Plant only shallow-rooted grass or ground cover over the field; avoid trees and shrubs with deep roots nearby.
  6. Landscaping and drainage: Direct rainwater and runoff away from the septic area. Ensure downspouts and grading keep water from pooling on the system during heavy storms.

Troubleshooting and Mayflower Cues

  • Slow drains, gurgling sounds, or a sewer-like odor in the yard are warning signs, especially after rain.
  • Patches of standing water or unusually lush vegetation over the drain field indicate potential saturation.
  • Backups in toilets or sinks during wet periods may signal a saturated drain field or tank issues.

When to Call a Pro

  • You notice persistent backups, strong odors, or soggy areas over the drain field that don't improve after a few days.
  • Your tank has not been pumped within the recommended interval or you suspect a damaged component (baffle, inlet/outlet pipes).
  • Drains are slow or you observe repeated puddling after rain, despite routine maintenance.

Official Resources

  • Arkansas Department of Health – On-Site Wastewater Systems:
  • U.S. EPA – Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic
  • Additional homeowner guidance and state-specific rules can be found through local Faulkner County health resources and county extension services.

Cost Expectations for Septic Services in Mayflower

Septic Tank Pumping

A routine pumping removes accumulated solids from the tank to prevent backups and premature failures. In Mayflower, older or smaller tanks can fill faster, especially with heavy use.

  • What it includes:
    • Pumping solids and liquids to appropriate levels
    • Inspection of inlet and outlet baffles, lid condition, and overall tank integrity
    • Basic disposal documentation and notes for future maintenance
  • Mayflower-specific considerations:
    • Clay soils and variable groundwater can influence how quickly a tank fills; older systems may require more frequent pumping
    • Access to tanks (distance, terrain) can affect travel fees or scheduling
  • Typical cost in Mayflower: $275–$550, commonly billed by gallon (roughly 0.25–0.50 per gallon) with possible travel fees for distant properties
  • What to do next (steps):
    1. Schedule with a local licensed septic pro
    2. Clear the area around the lid and provide safe access
    3. Review the service report and recommended maintenance

Septic System Inspection/Diagnostic

A thorough inspection identifies current issues and helps plan repairs before a failure occurs.

  • What it includes:
    • Visual check of the entire system, including tank, lids, and access risers
    • If present, interior tank inspection and effluent filter check
    • Basic dye tests or flow observations to gauge drainage performance
  • Mayflower-specific considerations:
    • Older Mayflower homes often have buried or difficult-to-access tanks; a diagnostic may require camera work
    • Roots and clay soils can conceal problems, making a full diagnostic more valuable
  • Typical cost in Mayflower: Basic inspection $120–$250; full diagnostic with camera/sonar 350–$700
  • What to do next (steps):
    1. Decide between a quick visual check or full diagnostic
    2. If issues are found, request a repair plan with cost ranges
    3. Obtain a written maintenance schedule

Drain Field Assessment and Repair

Evaluating the leach field performance helps prevent costly failures and environmental issues.

  • What it includes:
    • Surface and soil observation, moisture checks, dye tests if needed
    • Evaluation of field layout, trench health, and sprinkler coverage if applicable
  • Mayflower-specific considerations:
    • May require deeper investigation in clay-heavy soils and areas with shallow groundwater
    • Tree roots near fields are a common cause of slow drainage in this region
  • Typical cost in Mayflower: Field assessment $300–$800; repair/rehabilitation $2,500–$12,000 (depends on size and method)
  • What to do next (steps):
    1. Get a formal assessment report
    2. Compare repair vs. replacement options
    3. Plan for long-term maintenance to extend field life

Drain Field Replacement/Installation

Needed when a field cannot be revived or when upgrading to a higher-capacity system.

  • What it includes:
    • Site evaluation, soil testing, design, permitting, trenching, install of drain lines, and backfill
    • Start-up testing and system commissioning
  • Mayflower-specific considerations:
    • Some properties may require mound systems or sand beds due to soil conditions
    • Permitting and soil suitability are critical in Arkansas soils
  • Typical cost in Mayflower: Replacement/upgrade $6,000–$25,000; new install often $5,000–$25,000+, depending on design and site constraints
  • What to do next (steps):
    1. Obtain a design plan based on soil tests
    2. Confirm permit requirements with the local health department
    3. Budget for contingencies (rock, grading, or access needs)

Septic Tank Risers, Lids, and Access Upgrades

Improves access for pumping and inspections, reducing future costs and downtime.

  • What it includes:
    • Installation of risers and secure, access-ready lids
    • Markers or labels for easier future servicing
  • Mayflower-specific considerations:
    • Proper access can shorten pumping intervals and prevent accidental lid damage during landscaping
  • Typical cost in Mayflower: $1,000–$2,000
  • What to do next (steps):
    1. Decide height and material for risers
    2. Schedule with a licensed professional for proper sealing

Video Camera Inspection of Lines

Used to pinpoint cracks, root intrusion, or misaligned components inside the pipes.

  • What it includes:
    • CCTV inspection of sewer lines from the tank to the field or cleanouts
    • Digital footage and diagnostic report
  • Mayflower-specific considerations:
    • Roots and compacted soils in the area can cause line damage detectable by camera
  • Typical cost in Mayflower: $300–$800
  • What to do next (steps):
    1. Use findings to guide repairs or replacements
    2. Plan for possible line cleaning or trench repair

Perc Test and Soil Evaluation for New Systems

Essential for siting and designing a new system under Arkansas rules.

  • What it includes:
    • Soil evaluation, percolation testing, and depth-to-water assessment
  • Mayflower-specific considerations:
    • Local soil variability requires accurate testing to avoid undersized systems
  • Typical cost in Mayflower: $500–$1,500
  • What to do next (steps):
    1. Hire a soil scientist or certified technician
    2. Use results to inform system design and permitting

Official resources: