Septic in Selma, AL

Selma welcomes you with live oaks, a warm street-ready neighborly vibe, and a practical approach to home care. In this town, many neighborhoods rely on the quiet workhorse beneath the yard: a septic system that handles wastewater right on site. It's a common, sensible setup for homes that aren't tied to a distant sewer main, and it's something most homeowners learn to respect, maintain, and budget for as part of keeping the house comfortable and safe.

Is septic common in Selma? Should I expect septic if I own or buy a home?

Yes, septic systems are common in several Selma areas—especially in older downtown-adjacent neighborhoods, rural patches, and properties on smaller lots where extending sewer lines isn't practical. Some homes in town are connected to city sewer, but many outside the core rely on on-site systems. If you're buying a home, don't assume sewer service everywhere. Ask for records showing the current system, a recent inspection or pump history, and plan for a septic assessment as part of your due diligence.

Why homes typically use septic systems in Selma

• Historic development patterns: older, tighter lots and streets often weren't laid out for widespread sewer expansion, so on-site treatment became a practical, economical option.
• Site and soil realities: soil types, groundwater levels, and the lay of the land in parts of Dallas County can make trenching and long sewer mains expensive or impractical, so a properly designed septic system remains a reliable alternative.
• Cost and independence: owning a septic system gives homeowners control over maintenance and operating costs without relying on municipal line work, repairs, or tie-in fees that can be a hurdle in newer or farther-out areas.

High-level explanation (why septic exists here)

Septic systems exist here because they provide a durable, private, and economical solution for waste treatment on the property's edge. They're well-suited to many Selma homes where access to centralized sewer isn't a given, and when properly designed, installed, and maintained, they meet health and environmental standards while keeping daily life simple for households.

Practical reminders for Selma homeowners

• Regular maintenance matters: plan for pumping every 3-5 years (or per the tank size and use) and keep a maintenance log.
• Know what you have: confirm the system type, tank size, and drain-field location with records or a licensed pro.
• Protect the drain field: avoid heavy equipment or asphalt over the drain area, plant only appropriate vegetation nearby, and manage water usage to prevent overload.
• Watch for signs: slow drains, gurgling sounds, damp or lush spots above the field, or odors can signal trouble that deserves a pro's look.

If you're new to Selma or refreshing your home knowledge, think of your septic system as a shared neighbor—well cared for, it quietly supports your daily comfort.

Where Septic Systems Are Common in Selma

Rural outskirts and unsewered neighborhoods

Selma's spread-out geography means many homes outside the city core are not on municipal sewer. In these pockets, septic systems are the practical, affordable way to handle household wastewater. Reasons this is common include:

• Distance from city sewer mains and limited utility extensions into rural parcels
• Older developments that predated modern sewer networks
• Heavily wooded or hilly lots where trenching for sewer lines is expensive or impractical

City limits vs. county areas

Within Selma's core and closer-to-town neighborhoods, most houses connect to public sewer services. As you move farther into Dallas County or undeveloped rural tracts, septic systems become the standard option. Quick checks you can do:

• Look at your property's sewer service map from the city or county
• Ask your county clerk or local utility providers about service boundaries
• If you're unsure, a licensed onsite wastewater contractor can confirm whether septic or public sewer is required

Soil and drainage conditions that support septic in Selma

Septics work best in soils with adequate drainage and a stable water table. Selma's soils vary, and site conditions strongly influence system design:

• Well-drained soils (often loam or sandy loam) support conventional drainfields
• Poorly draining soils, very high clay content, or areas near the Alabama River floodplain may need specialty designs
• Shallow bedrock or high seasonal water tables can require raised or mound systems
• A professional site evaluation helps determine suitable drainfield depth and layout

Common septic system types used in Selma

Most homeowners in unsewered areas rely on conventional septic tanks with drainfields. In tougher soils or challenging sites, designers may specify alternative approaches:

• Conventional gravity septic system: basic tank plus drainfield for typical soils
• Mound system: elevated drainfield built above grade when shallow soils or high water tables exist
• Bed or pressure distribution systems: used for particular soil conditions to distribute effluent more evenly
• Alternative designs: may include aerobic treatment units or other engineered solutions in select parcels

Maintenance and regular pumping are important regardless of type to protect longevity

Practical steps for Selma homeowners

1. Confirm sewer service status for your property.
2. Get a soil/site evaluation from a licensed onsite wastewater contractor to identify percolation and drainage characteristics.
3. Obtain the necessary permits and approvals from the Alabama state or local health authority before installation or major repairs.
4. Choose a compliant system design based on soil, slope, and water table considerations.
5. Schedule regular maintenance, including timely tank pumping every 2–3 years (or as recommended).
6. Plan for future considerations:
   • Landscaping setbacks around the drainfield to prevent damage from heavy machinery or roots
   • Protecting the system from rainwater intrusion and surface runoff
   • Keeping records of inspections, pumping, and any system repairs to simplify future maintenance

Why Selma-area conditions drive septic use

• Infrastructure reach: The city has extensive sewer lines downtown, but sprawling residential zones depend on septic where sewer access is unavailable.
• Cost and practicality: Extending sewer mains to remote lots can be cost-prohibitive, making septic the more feasible option for homeowners outside service areas.
• Environmental safeguards: Proper site evaluation and design minimize groundwater contamination and protect wells, streams, and the Alabama River watershed.

Official resources

• Alabama Department of Public Health – Onsite Sewage Program: https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/onsite/
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic
• Web Soil Survey (USDA NRCS) for local soil information: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/

Septic vs Sewer: What Homeowners in Selma Should Know

How a septic system works

• A typical on-site system uses a septic tank and a drainfield. Wastewater from sinks, toilets, and laundry flows into the tank where solids settle and scum rises to top.
• Bacteria in the tank begin breaking down organics, and clarified liquid exits the tank to the drainfield, where soil microbes complete treatment.
• Lifespan and performance depend on soil conditions, household size, and regular maintenance. A well-kept system often lasts 20–40 years.
• Key components to know:
  • Septic tank
  • Drainfield or leach field
  • Access lids for pumping and inspection

How a municipal sewer connection works in Selma

• In many developed parts of Selma, homes connect to a city sewer network. Wastewater travels from your home through a private lateral to a municipal sewer main and then to a treatment facility.
• The city handles treatment, permits, and main-line maintenance; you're typically responsible for the private lateral up to the property line and for preventing backups.
• Availability varies by neighborhood. If you're unsure whether you have sewer service, contact the local utility or check the city's service maps.

When to consider connecting to sewer in Selma

1. Check availability: contact your local utility or visit the city's official resources to confirm sewer service for your property.
2. Compare costs: consider the connection fee, required upgrades (if any), and ongoing monthly sewer charges.
3. Plan a timeline: if sewer access is available, schedule inspections and any required permits before connecting.
4. Assess drainage needs: some lots with high groundwater or poor drainage may face different considerations; a professional assessment can help.

Pros and cons to weigh

• Septic system (on-site)
  • Pros: lower ongoing costs, independence from city services, potential environmental control on-site with proper maintenance.
  • Cons: periodic pumping (typically every 3–5 years), risk of failure from solids or flushing inappropriate items, potential for costly repairs if drainfield is damaged or overloaded.
• Municipal sewer
  • Pros: no septic pumping, predictable monthly charges, city maintenance of main lines and treatment facilities.
  • Cons: monthly sewer bills, possible sewer backups or overflows during heavy rains or maintenance outages, upfront connection costs if not already connected.

Maintenance basics you should follow

• For septic systems:
  • Have the tank pumped every 3–5 years, or as recommended by a qualified pro based on usage.
  • Use water efficiently and spread out high-water activities (washing machines, showers) to reduce load.
  • Avoid flushing wipes, grease, solvents, or harsh chemicals; keep drainfield zones undisturbed.
  • Protect the drainfield from heavy equipment and excessive root intrusion from trees.
• For sewer-connected homes:
  • Protect the private lateral from damage, roots, and blockages; know where it runs on your property.
  • Report suspected sewer backups to the city promptly and schedule any required inspections.

Official resources to learn more

• EPA: Septic systems overview and maintenance tips — https://www.epa.gov/septic
• Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) — https://adem.alabama.gov/
• Alabama Public Health (onsite wastewater information) — https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/

Typical Septic System Types in Selma

Conventional septic systems

• What they are: The workhorse of residential wastewater, consisting of a septic tank and a buried drain field. Wastewater separates in the tank, and liquids release to the soil through perforated pipes.
• Site needs: Best when you have reasonably well-drained soil and a sufficient unsaturated depth to groundwater. In Selma's soils, you'll often see clay or loamy layers with variable drainage.
• Pros: Lower upfront and maintenance costs; simple design, easy to repair with standard parts.
• Cons: Performance depends on soil condition and groundwater depth; poor soils or high water tables can shorten lifespan or require upgrades.
• Maintenance basics: Regular pumping (typical range: every 3–5 years for a family of four, but check your tank size and usage). Protect the drain field from heavy equipment, vehicle traffic, and excessive irrigation.

Mound systems

• When they're used: If native soil is too restrictive (very shallow bedrock, permafrost isn't a factor here, high water table, or dense clay), a mound system can be installed.
• How they work: An elevated sand-and-soil bed sits above the native soil, with the drain field pipes placed in the mound. Tank effluent is dosed into this raised bed for better aeration and filtration.
• Pros: Tolerates poor native soils and shallow groundwater, expands where conventional fields won't.
• Cons: Higher upfront cost and more complex installation; ongoing maintenance checks are essential.
• Maintenance basics: Routine inspections, periodic mound integrity checks, and professional servicing as required by local codes.

Sand filtration and other advanced treatment options

• What these are: After the septic tank, effluent can pass through a sand filtration bed or other polishing components to improve effluent quality before it reaches the soil.
• Pros: Higher effluent quality, useful when soil conditions aren't ideal or where groundwater protection is a priority.
• Cons: More components mean more potential failure points; often requires electricity and regular servicing.
• Maintenance basics: Keep dosing pumps or electrical components in good working order; schedule professional inspections per the system's design.

Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs) and other advanced systems

• What they do: ATUs introduce air and vigorous treatment to reduce pollutants before the wastewater enters the soil. They're common where soil conditions aren't forgiving or site space is limited.
• Pros: Significantly improved effluent quality; can expand where conventional systems aren't feasible.
• Cons: Higher energy use; more frequent maintenance and monitoring; some parts require licensed technicians.
• Maintenance basics: Routine servicing by a qualified operator, regular filter changes, and prompt repairs when alarms trigger.

Holding tanks and non-standard approaches

• When they're used: In certain new developments, for temporary needs, or where a traditional drain field isn't permitted immediately.
• Pros: Flexible timing for installation; no drain field required right away.
• Cons: Must be pumped regularly to prevent odors and failure; can be costly over time; typically requires permits and regular inspections.
• Maintenance basics: Schedule regular pumping, monitor for leaks, and adhere to local disposal rules.

How to start narrowing down on your property

1. Get a site and soils assessment (consider NRCS Web Soil Survey to understand local soil types for Selma).
2. Check local codes and permit requirements with your county health department or building department.
3. Call a licensed onsite wastewater designer or contractor for a system design that fits your lot, groundwater, and future needs.
4. Plan for ongoing care: regular pumping, root and load management, and annual inspections.
5. Official resources:
   • EPA: Septic Systems overview and maintenance tips (https://www.epa.gov/septic)
   • NRCS: Web Soil Survey for soil data (https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov)

Common Septic Issues in Selma

Clay soils and shallow bedrock affecting absorption

• What it is: In parts of Selma, soil runs heavy with clay and sits on relatively shallow layers, which slows or blocks effluent from properly percolating into the ground.
• Why Selma-specific: Proximity to river floodplains can bring perched water and stratified soils. When the drain field sits in poor soil, even a well-designed system struggles.
• Symptoms to watch for: gurgling toilets, slow draining sinks and showers, damp or marshy spots over the drain field, and occasional sewer odors near the septic area.
• How to address it (steps):
  1. Hire a licensed septic contractor to perform a soil evaluation and drain-field assessment.
  2. If soil is unsuitable, consider an alternative system such as a mound or at-grade drain field designed for high-water-table or clay soils.
  3. Reduce load on the system with low-flow fixtures and spread out use (e.g., laundry and dishwasher over the week).
• Resources: EPA on-site septic systems (https://www.epa.gov/septic); Alabama Department of Public Health (main site) (https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/)

Frequent rainfall, flooding, and high water table in Selma

• What it is: Southern Alabama's weather brings heavy rain and occasional river flooding, which can raise the groundwater around the septic system and saturate the drain field.
• Why Selma-specific: Flood-prone neighborhoods near the Alabama River and clay soils combine to keep the soil around the drain field consistently moist.
• Symptoms to watch for: backups after rain, standing moisture around the drain field, slower drainage during wet periods.
• How to address it (steps):
  1. Ensure the drain field is downslope and setback from structures and heavy runoff areas.
  2. redirect roof and surface water away from the septic area; never pump out sump or foundation drains into the tank.
  3. Use water-saving appliances and stagger high-water activities (lots of laundry, long showers) during dry spells.
• Resources: EPA septic page (https://www.epa.gov/septic); ADPH guidance for sewage disposal (official state site) (https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/)

Tree roots and landscaping around the drain field

• What it is: Tree and shrub roots naturally seek moisture and can intrude into buried drain fields, causing cracks and clogging.
• Why Selma-specific: Mature neighborhoods and older yards may have established trees near the leach field, especially where space is limited.
• Symptoms to watch for: wet or soggy drain-field area, sudden odors or water pooling, frequent backups despite routine pumping.
• How to address it (steps):
  1. Identify the drain-field location and keep trees or shrubs at a safe distance (consult a pro for setback guidelines).
  2. Install root barriers and avoid planting shallow-rooted vegetation directly over the field.
  3. Have regular inspections to monitor for root intrusion and address damage early.
• Resources: EPA septic page; local soil and drainage guidance via ADPH resources (https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/)

Aging systems and older housing stock

• What it is: Many Selma homes pre-date modern septic standards and may have aging tanks, corroded baffles, or degraded leach fields.
• Why Selma-specific: Historic neighborhoods with long-lived plumbing can accumulate multiple small system issues that compound over time.
• Symptoms to watch for: persistent odors, damp spots over the field, sewage backups even with normal pump-outs.
• How to address it (steps):
  1. Schedule a full septic inspection and tank pump-out if recommended.
  2. Replace failing components (tank, baffles, lids) and upgrade to a newer, properly sized system if necessary.
  3. Install an alarm and educate household members on proper usage to extend life.
• Resources: EPA septic; ADPH pages on sewage disposal (https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/)

High water usage and improper discharge

• What it is: Overloading the system with water and solids reduces time for treatment and can push solids into the drain field.
• Why Selma-specific: Larger households, guest homes, or frequent use of disposal units can exceed a system's design without adjustment.
• Symptoms to watch for: frequent backups, toilets and drains slow to respond, sewage smells in yard or near the tank.
• How to address it (steps):
  1. Space out big water events (avoid simultaneous laundry, dishwashing, and long showers).
  2. Use low-flow fixtures and septic-safe products; avoid chemical cleaners that kill beneficial bacteria.
  3. Have the system evaluated if problems persist; consider tank size or field upgrades if household size changes.
• Resources: EPA septic; state guidance via ADPH and EPA links (https://www.epa.gov/septic; https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/)

Septic Inspection, Permits & Local Oversight

Who oversees septic systems in Selma

• Alabama's Onsite Sewage Facilities (OSSF) program sets statewide standards for design, installation, and inspection.
• The Dallas County Health Department typically handles local permits and field inspections in Selma, coordinating with the Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH) as needed.
• Some sites may have city-specific requirements; always verify with your local health or building department before starting work.

Permits you may need

• New installation: a formal OSSF permit is required. Plans must be prepared by a licensed designer, and a soil evaluation is usually part of the process.
• Repairs or replacement: a repair/replace permit is typically required. Depending on the scope, you may need updated soil testing or a revised system design.
• Modifications or upgrades: any substantial change to capacity, layout, or treatment may require a new permit and plan review.
• Timeframe: permit review and approval can take several weeks; plan ahead, especially if you're selling or refinancing.

What to expect during inspections

• Pre-construction steps: soil tests and site evaluation; design plans reviewed for compliance with state and local rules.
• During installation: inspections after key milestones (tank placement, trenching, piping alignment, backfill) to confirm components meet code.
• Final inspection: verification that the system is properly installed, connected to the home, and ready for use; documentation of maintenance requirements is often provided.

How to apply: a step-by-step guide

1. Confirm jurisdiction: contact the Dallas County Health Department or your local authority to determine whether ADPH or county oversight applies to your property.
2. Hire licensed professionals: select a licensed septic designer (soil scientist or engineer) and a licensed septic installer.
3. Develop plan and documentation: prepare system design, soil evaluation, site plan, and any required drawings per the permit guidelines.
4. Submit permit package: include all plans, evaluations, and applicable fees; submit to the appropriate local office.
5. Schedule inspections: coordinate times for the required installation inspections and final inspection.
6. Obtain final sign-off: after passing inspections, keep the approved permit and inspection records for your files.

Records you should keep

• Copies of all permits, plan approvals, and inspection reports.
• Pumping and maintenance records (recommended every 3–5 years, or per local guidance).
• Any correspondence with the health department or contractors.

Helpful tips for Selma homeowners

• If you're buying a home, request the previous permit, plans, and any inspection notes to avoid surprises.
• Work only with licensed professionals; unsanctioned DIY septic work can cause costly failures and code violations.
• If a system fails inspection, you'll usually have a limited window to address deficiencies and obtain re-inspection.

Resources

• Alabama Department of Public Health – Onsite Sewage Facilities (OSSF): https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/ossf/

Septic Maintenance for Homes in Selma

Selma-specific considerations

Selma's climate and soils affect septic performance. Dallas County soils are often clay-heavy, which can slow drainage and make the drainfield more susceptible to saturation after heavy rains. Spring and after-storm periods can push effluent closer to the surface or cause backups if the system is already stressed. Many older Selma homes rely on conventional septic tanks with smaller drainfields built to older standards, so proactive maintenance is especially important. Tree roots from nearby yards and landscapes can intrusion into the lateral lines or the effluent field if not kept at a safe distance. Flood-prone areas and high groundwater during wet seasons can increase the risk of surface seepage and extended recovery time after storms.

Regular maintenance you can count on

• Schedule a professional inspection every 1–3 years, depending on system age, usage, and any history of issues. More frequent checks are wise for aging tanks or if you've noticed problems.
• Pumping is typically every 3–5 years for a typical family, but Selma's clay soils, humidity, and rainfall can shorten this window. Your technician can tailor a plan based on tank size and household water use.
• Keep careful records: dates of pumping, inspections, and any repairs. Bring these records to future service visits.
• Watch for and address warning signs early: slow drains, gurgling sounds, foul odors, damp spots or bright-green, unusually lush patches over the leach field, or sewage backups.

Step-by-step maintenance plan

1. Step 1: Schedule a professional inspection and servicing at least every 1–3 years. Ask about baffle integrity, pump condition (if you have a pumped tank), and drain-field health.
2. Step 2: Plan pumping as recommended. Coordinate with the pro to clean out scum and sludge to a safe level; record the date and tank size for the next interval.
3. Step 3: Protect the drainfield. Avoid parking or placing heavy loads on the area, keep roots away from the field, and limit foot traffic on the turf above it.
4. Step 4: Optimize water use. Space out laundry loads, use high-efficiency fixtures, fix leaks promptly, and avoid running multiple high-water-use appliances at once.
5. Step 5: Mind the connections. If you have a sump pump, ensure its discharge does not flow into the septic tank or drainfield; direct sump discharge away from the system to prevent overload.

Drainfield care in Selma

• Keep the drainfield area well-drained and free of compacted soils. Avoid building decks or structures over the field, and plant only shallow-rooted grasses to reduce soil disturbance.
• Monitor for surface pooling after heavy rain and address drainage issues near the system promptly.
• Manage landscaping carefully: plant trees and shrubs far enough away from the field to prevent root intrusion; avoid deep tilling or soil replacement directly over the drainfield.

Troubleshooting and early warning signs in Selma

• If you notice persistent odors, slow drains, gurgling sounds in plumbing, damp spots, or bright green growth over the drainfield, contact a licensed septic professional promptly.
• In Selma's climate, surface wetness after rain may signal a saturated drainfield; a professional assessment can determine if pumping, repairs, or drainfield replacement is needed.

Resources and references

• EPA Septic Smart:
• Alabama Department of Public Health – Private Sewage Disposal: https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/ophc/private-sewage-disposal.html
• Local guidance and contractor referrals in Alabama can typically be found via the Alabama Department of Public Health or your county health department; check https://www.adph.org/ and your Dallas County Health Department for state-specific forms and requirements.

Cost Expectations for Septic Services in Selma

Septic Tank Pumping

• What it includes: removal of sludge and scum from the tank, cleaning of filters/ports if present, a quick check of tank condition and sludge depth to help plan next pumping interval.
• Selma-specific notes: clay soils and seasonal rain can affect absorption and access; pumping crews may need to negotiate tight driveways or short-notice access in older neighborhoods.
• Typical cost in Selma: $250-$450 for a standard 1,000-gallon tank; $450-$650 for larger tanks or difficult access.

Septic System Inspections

• What it includes: visual inspection of lids and ports, measurement of scum/sludge depth, assessment of drainage field performance, and a simple wastewater system report. Comprehensive inspections may include camera inspection of lines.
• Selma-specific notes: many homes here have older systems that benefit from a more thorough evaluation before sale or after long periods of inactivity.
• Typical cost in Selma: Basic: $100-$250; Full spectrum (including camera or pressure testing): $300-$600.

Septic Tank Repairs

• What it includes: fixing or replacing malfunctioning baffles, sealing leaks, and addressing tank integrity issues; larger repairs may involve tank or lid replacement.
• Selma-specific notes: older tanks are more prone to rust, leaks, or compromised baffles; local soils can influence repair approaches.
• Typical cost in Selma: Minor repairs $200-$1,000; major repairs or tank replacement $1,000-$4,000+.

Drain Field Evaluation and Repair

• What it includes: soil assessment, dye tests or soil probes to verify absorption, evaluation of pipe integrity, and recommended corrective actions if the field is failing.
• Selma-specific notes: clay soils and seasonal water table fluctuations common here can mimic or mask field failure; evaluation may require more thorough testing.
• Typical cost in Selma: Evaluation $400-$1,200; repair of damaged lines or components $2,000-$7,000.

Drain Field Replacement

• What it includes: removal of the failing field, proper disposal of materials, and installation of a new drain field designed for Selma soils; sometimes an elevated or mound system is needed.
• Selma-specific notes: soil conditions and site constraints frequently drive design choices and permit requirements.
• Typical cost in Selma: $7,000-$20,000+ depending on field size and design.

New Septic System Installation

• What it includes: site evaluation, design, permits, tank installation, and drain field installation; landscaping restoration and system commissioning are typically included.
• Selma-specific notes: permitting through local county health authority is standard; soils variability here can lead to mound or enhanced-treatment designs in challenging locations.
• Typical cost in Selma: Standard system $5,000-$15,000; more complex or mound-equipped systems $15,000-$25,000+.

Lids and Risers (Access Improvements)

• What it includes: installing or upgrading tank lids and risers to improve access, reduce maintenance risk, and prevent accidental sediment ingress.
• Selma-specific notes: many older properties lack accessible lids; adding risers simplifies future pumping and inspections.
• Typical cost in Selma: $800-$1,800 depending on number of lids and depth.

Lateral Line Cleaning / Jetting

• What it includes: hydro-jetting or camera-assisted cleaning of wastewater lines from the tank to the drain field; inspection for cracks or root intrusion.
• Selma-specific notes: root intrusion is common in older landscapes; maintenance here can prevent field failure.
• Typical cost in Selma: Line cleaning $150-$500; add-on camera inspection $100-$300.

Root Intrusion Treatment

• What it includes: mechanical root removal, possible chemical treatment options, and follow-up assessment of line and field condition.
• Selma-specific notes: trees and shrubs near the system can drive recurring intrusion; proactive management helps extend field life.
• Typical cost in Selma: $150-$600; more extensive work or additional line repairs may be needed if roots have damaged components.

Official resources for guidance and regulations:

• EPA Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic
• Alabama Department of Public Health Onsite Wastewater Program: https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/onsite/